# Wattbench: Full Content

> Fast, standards-anchored answers on a phone, on the roof. Fault-code libraries, field calculators and AS/NZS explainers for Australian solar installers and electricians.

This is the complete text of Wattbench (https://wattbench.ai) for AI assistants: every explainer, every documented inverter and battery fault code, all glossary terms, the calculator descriptions and the standards scope, inlined as plain text. Australian English, currency in AUD, SAA-accredited practice. Free to use with attribution to Wattbench (https://wattbench.ai). Figures are traceable to manufacturer documentation or the AS/NZS standards; calculators are estimates for guidance, not compliance certificates. Last site-wide review: August 2026.

For a shorter link-only map, see https://wattbench.ai/llms.txt

---

# Explainers

## AC vs DC solar panels: a field guide
Source: https://wattbench.ai/ac-vs-dc-solar-panels

Every PV module starts with DC. The useful question is where conversion and control happen, and whether the exact architecture suits the roof, inverter, battery and network connection.

Key points:
- PV cells produce DC. A conventional module feeds DC to a string or hybrid inverter; an AC module combines a PV module with a microinverter and supplies AC from the roof.
- Microinverter, optimiser and string designs distribute conversion, MPPT, monitoring and failure points differently. Shade response and service impact depend on the exact products and wiring, not the topology label alone.
- Battery coupling is an architecture choice, not an automatic winner. Check conversion paths, backup behaviour, operating limits, compatibility, network approval and the intended load profile for the proposed system.

Start with the energy path

PV cells produce direct current (DC). A conventional module sends DC through a string to a string or hybrid inverter. An AC module combines a PV module with a microinverter, so conversion happens at the module. A third common arrangement adds DC optimisers at module level while retaining a shared inverter.

Those labels describe architecture. They do not, by themselves, settle yield, safety, reliability, cost or battery suitability.

What changes in the field

- Tracking: check which modules share each maximum-power-point tracker (MPPT). String inverters may have several MPPT inputs; microinverters and optimisers move control closer to each module.

- Shade and mismatch: module-level electronics can reduce interaction between modules, but the result depends on shade geometry, bypass behaviour, product controls and wiring.

- Fault impact: a shared inverter can stop its connected array when it is unavailable. Module-level systems distribute conversion, but may still share branch circuits, communications, gateways or grid interfaces.

- Access: a wall-mounted inverter is generally reached without lifting modules. Module-level electronics place more serviceable equipment on the roof.

- Monitoring: confirm what the installed licence, gateway and portal actually expose. Architecture alone does not guarantee owner or installer access to module-level data.

Battery coupling needs a system check

Batteries store DC, but that fact does not make every DC-coupled proposal preferable. AC- and DC-coupled systems use different conversion, control and backup paths. For a new system or retrofit, record:

- the exact inverter, battery and gateway models;

- which equipment remains energised in backup mode and which loads are supported;

- charge, discharge, PV and export limits;

- compatibility and warranty conditions; and

- the network-approved connection arrangement.

Fast selection check

- Map roof faces, recurring shade and usable module positions.

- Draw the proposed strings, MPPT allocation and conversion points.

- Confirm cold-voltage, current and power limits from the exact module and inverter documents.

- Decide what monitoring and fault isolation the operator actually needs.

- If storage or backup is proposed, check that exact operating path rather than relying on “AC” or “DC” shorthand.

- For an Australian SRES installation, verify the exact module and inverter models are on the approved product lists and within their listing dates.

There is no topology that wins every site. Compare a documented design against the roof, loads, service plan and current connection requirements.

---

## Bifacial solar panels, explained
Source: https://wattbench.ai/bifacial-solar-panels

Bifacial modules can convert light reaching both faces. The rear contribution is a system outcome shaped by the exact module, surface reflectance and array geometry, and it can also change the current that the electrical design must accommodate.

Key points:
- A bifacial module exposes the rear of its cells through a transparent rear layer, which may be glass or a transparent backsheet.
- Rear-side yield depends on the exact module's bifacial response plus albedo, diffuse light, height, tilt, row spacing, module gaps and shading. No single generic gain belongs on every site.
- Rear irradiance can raise module and string current. Use the manufacturer's bifacial electrical data and the project's design method when checking conductor, protection and inverter limits.

What a bifacial module is

A bifacial photovoltaic module can convert irradiance reaching both the front and rear of its cells. The rear is exposed through a transparent layer, which may be glass or a transparent backsheet. This construction detail is separate from the cell technology: PERC, TOPCon and HJT cells can all appear in bifacial products.

Most rear-side irradiance comes from light reflected by the ground, roof or nearby surfaces, plus diffuse light from the sky and surroundings. The rear contribution is therefore a property of the complete array and site, not a fixed bonus attached to the module name.

Bifaciality is not bifacial gain

Bifaciality expresses rear-side performance relative to front-side performance under defined test conditions. Bifacial gain is the extra energy or power produced in a particular system compared with its chosen monofacial reference. They are not interchangeable.

The exact module datasheet may provide bifaciality information and additional electrical ratings for assumed rear-side irradiance. Use those declared values and conditions. Do not assign a technology-wide bifaciality factor to a product that has not declared one.

The system variables

IEA PVPS identifies albedo, diffuse-light conditions, mounting height, row spacing and module spacing among the variables that affect rear-side yield. Tilt, ground-cover ratio, array size, edge effects, obstructions and rear-side shading also matter. Rear irradiance is commonly non-uniform, so two modules in the same array may not receive identical rear illumination.

Albedo describes the share of incident light reflected by a surface, but a nominal albedo value is not a complete yield model. Surface condition can change with moisture, soiling, vegetation, ageing or snow, and geometry determines how much reflected light the rear can actually see.

Keep gain claims bounded

There is no honest universal bifacial-gain percentage. In one bounded context, IEA PVPS reports that single-axis tracker fields over typical natural ground with albedo around 0.2 to 0.3 generally remain below 10% bifacial gain. That is not a rooftop allowance or a promise for another tracker site. The same report found that no single parameter correlated well across all of the field systems it reviewed and noted substantial differences between modelling approaches.

For a roof, carport or ground mount, model the actual surface, geometry and product. If those inputs are unavailable, leave the expected gain blank rather than borrowing a favourable figure from a different installation.

Electrical design must include the rear contribution

Rear irradiance can increase current. IEA PVPS notes that designers may need to adjust conductor, fuse and inverter sizing for bifacial arrays. Follow the exact module's declared bifacial electrical data and the project's applicable design process; do not add a generic percentage to current without a supported basis.

Field checklist

- Confirm the exact module model, rear construction and declared bifacial parameters.

- Record the surface, clearance, tilt, spacing, gaps and rear-side obstructions used in the yield model.

- Check voltage and current limits using the manufacturer's bifacial electrical information.

- Check module mass, mounting zones, clamps and load ratings; bifacial does not always mean glass-glass.

- Read the exact product and performance warranties. Do not infer durability or warranty length from transparent rear construction.

---

## Solar cell busbars and fingers, explained
Source: https://wattbench.ai/solar-cell-busbars

A solar cell's metal grid must collect current without shading too much active area. Busbar count is one part of that design, not a standalone score for module efficiency, strength or reliability.

Key points:
- Fine fingers collect current across the cell; larger conductors or wires carry it towards the cell interconnections. Grid design balances resistive, contact and shading losses.
- More collection points can shorten current paths, but conductor number alone does not prove lower loss, lower silver use, crack tolerance or better reliability. Geometry, materials and manufacturing quality also matter.
- Installers should use the finished module's datasheet and installation manual, and inspect modules for damage. Cell-grid marketing cannot replace product-level electrical, mechanical and warranty evidence.

The front-contact trade-off

The metal grid on a front-contact solar cell must let light reach the silicon while carrying generated current out of the cell. Metal coverage creates shading, while insufficient or poorly designed conductors increase resistive loss. Grid design therefore balances finger and collector resistance, emitter and contact resistance, line width, spacing, material resistivity and shading.

Fingers, collectors and interconnections

Fingers are the fine metallisation lines spread across the cell. They collect current locally. Larger busbars, wires or other collector structures gather that current and connect it into the module circuit. Some products use flat ribbons, some use multiple round wires, and rear-contact architectures move contacts away from the front surface.

Adding collection points can shorten the distance current travels through the fine fingers. That can reduce one component of series resistance, but the whole grid still has to be optimised. Line width, spacing, aspect ratio, conductor shape, contact quality and the module interconnection process all affect the result.

Why count is not a quality score

Terms such as 5BB, multi-busbar, multi-wire and zero-busbar describe aspects of the contact or interconnection layout. They do not, on their own, state module efficiency, silver use, shading loss, crack tolerance or long-term reliability. Those outcomes depend on the actual geometry, materials and process used in the finished product.

Metallisation is also changing as manufacturers and research organisations work to reduce silver use and qualify alternative materials. A percentage saving quoted for one cell format or production baseline should not be transferred to every module using the same marketing label.

Keep cell architecture separate

PERC, TOPCon and HJT describe passivation and contact architectures. Bifacial describes the ability to use rear-side irradiance. Half-cut, shingled and wire-based layouts describe other cell or module interconnection choices. A product may combine several of these features, so one term should not be used as shorthand for the rest.

What matters in the field

- Electrical data: design with the exact module's Voc, Isc, Vmp, Imp, temperature coefficients and protection limits.

- Mechanical data: follow the approved mounting zones, clamps, loads and handling method in the installation manual.

- Condition: inspect modules before and during installation for transport or handling damage and follow the manufacturer's escalation process where damage is suspected.

- Evidence: use product-specific test, certification and warranty documents for reliability claims; do not infer them from busbar count.

Busbar terminology is useful for understanding how a cell collects current. For specifying and installing a module, the finished product documentation remains the source of truth.

---

## HJT solar cell technology, explained
Source: https://wattbench.ai/hjt-solar-technology

Heterojunction (HJT or SHJ) combines a crystalline-silicon wafer with thin amorphous-silicon layers. The architecture can support strong passivation and bifacial performance, but the exact module datasheet still decides what belongs in a design.

Key points:
- HJT places thin intrinsic and doped amorphous-silicon layers around a crystalline-silicon wafer to passivate its surfaces and form carrier-selective contacts.
- Research references associate HJT with strong surface passivation and high bifaciality, but the acronym does not guarantee a temperature coefficient, bifaciality value, efficiency or degradation rate.
- For field work, use the exact module's electrical ratings, temperature coefficients, bifacial data, dimensions, mass, installation manual and warranty. Do not substitute a technology-wide typical value.

What HJT means

Heterojunction, commonly shortened to HJT or SHJ, joins two forms of silicon in one cell. A crystalline-silicon wafer provides the absorber. Thin intrinsic and doped amorphous-silicon layers passivate the wafer surfaces and form carrier-selective contacts, with transparent conductive layers used to move current to the metal grid.

Passivation matters because charge carriers lost at a defective surface cannot contribute to useful current. Strong surface passivation can support higher cell voltage, but that cell-level advantage does not by itself state the output, reliability or warranty of a finished module.

How it differs from TOPCon and PERC

HJT and TOPCon are both passivating-contact architectures, but they use different material stacks and manufacturing processes. TOPCon uses an ultra-thin oxide and doped silicon contact. HJT uses thin amorphous-silicon and transparent conductive layers. PERC uses rear-surface passivation with a different rear-contact arrangement.

Commercial HJT modules are commonly bifacial. Research organisations report strong surface passivation and typically high bifaciality for the architecture. Treat those as reasons to inspect the product data, not as values to copy into a design: cell metallisation, interconnection and module construction all influence the finished module.

What the label does not prove

An HJT label does not prove a particular module efficiency, power temperature coefficient, rear-side response, degradation rate or warranty term. It also does not establish that the module will produce more energy than another product on a particular site. Yield depends on the exact module, array layout, thermal conditions, shading, inverter behaviour and other system factors.

HJT uses a low-temperature cell process compared with conventional fired-contact production. That affects factory metallisation and interconnection choices; it is not a licence to infer a special on-roof handling rule that is absent from the manufacturer's installation manual. Silver and copper metallisation are also evolving, so older material-use assumptions should not be treated as fixed properties of every current product.

Field checks that matter

- Electrical design: use the exact Voc, Isc, Vmp, Imp, temperature coefficients, maximum system voltage and overcurrent information.

- Bifacial design: use the module's stated bifacial parameters and rear-side electrical data only where the rear will receive meaningful irradiance.

- Mechanical fit: check dimensions, mass, approved mounting zones, clamp requirements and load ratings in the installation manual.

- Product terms: read the product and performance warranties; do not infer their terms from the cell architecture.

When comparing technologies, compare the exact models under the same assumptions. The architecture explains how the cell is built; the module documentation supplies the numbers an installer can design around.

---

## LFP vs NMC: Home Battery Chemistry
Source: https://wattbench.ai/lfp-vs-nmc-home-batteries

LFP and NMC are both lithium-ion chemistries, but chemistry alone does not establish whether a home battery is safe, durable, or suitable. Compare the exact product, installation and warranty—not a generic cell claim.

Key points:
- NMC is generally more energy-dense, while LFP is widely used for stationary storage where weight and volume are often less important than cost and frequent cycling.
- Abuse-test research generally finds LFP cells more thermally stable than nickel-rich chemistries, but cell chemistry does not replace compliant product design, installation, commissioning or a functioning battery-management system.
- Compare each model's usable capacity, rated power, operating-temperature limits, warranted years and energy throughput, backup behaviour, current product-list status and Australian support.

Start with the product, not the acronym

LFP means lithium iron phosphate. NMC means lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide. Both are lithium-ion chemistries, but a home battery is a complete system: cells, enclosure, battery-management system, power electronics, protection, firmware and installation all contribute to its behaviour.

Chemistry is therefore one comparison field, not a shortcut to a purchase or safety decision. Confirm it against the current datasheet for the exact model and revision; do not infer it from a brand family, enclosure or marketing name.

Where chemistry changes the trade-off

NMC is generally more energy-dense, which can help where physical size or mass is tightly constrained. LFP is less energy-dense but is commonly selected for stationary storage, where frequent cycling and system cost can matter more than minimum pack size. The International Energy Agency reports that LFP accounted for around 90 per cent of global battery-storage deployments in 2025. That is dated global deployment context, not evidence that a particular Australian home-battery model uses LFP.

For a field comparison, use the installed product figures that can actually change the outcome: usable energy in kWh, continuous and surge power in kW, dimensions and mass, mounting and clearance requirements, operating-temperature window, noise, backup capability, expansion rules and communications requirements.

Safety needs a system view

Peer-reviewed cell abuse testing generally finds LFP more thermally stable than nickel-rich lithium-ion chemistries. That distinction should be kept in proportion. A cell-level result does not prove that every LFP system is safer than every NMC system, and it does not remove the possibility of fire or other hazards.

Check the exact product on the current Clean Energy Council approved battery list, follow the manufacturer's current installation instructions, and confirm the installation and commissioning requirements that apply to the site. The Australian Government Solar Consumer Guide also directs buyers to compare product-list status, warranty conditions, traceability and Australian technical support.

Compare life and warranty on the same basis

Do not carry a generic cycle-life figure from one chemistry into a quote, commissioning record or customer expectation. Manufacturers express life in different combinations of years, cycles, energy throughput and retained capacity, subject to operating conditions and exclusions.

- Record the exact model and usable capacity, not nominal capacity alone.

- Record the warranted years and energy throughput or cycle conditions.

- Check the warranted retained capacity and whether it changes with operating mode.

- Check temperature, state-of-charge, internet, maintenance and backup-use conditions.

- Confirm who provides Australian warranty and technical support.

A higher headline cycle count is not automatically a stronger warranty if the allowed throughput, operating window or remedy is narrower.

A field-safe comparison

When two batteries use different chemistries, capture the evidence side by side from current manufacturer documents. If a figure is missing or uses a different test basis, leave the comparison open rather than converting it into an assumed equivalent.

For the wider system decision, see AC vs DC solar and use the solar system size calculator. These are planning aids, not certificates or substitutes for the approved design and manufacturer instructions.

---

## Microinverters vs string inverters
Source: https://wattbench.ai/microinverters-vs-string-inverters

The useful comparison is not a winner-by-topology. It is how the proposed models handle this roof, how faults are isolated, what monitoring is available and what must be accessed to service them.

Key points:
- A string inverter can have one or more MPPT inputs; only modules assigned to the same electrical string and tracker should be treated as one group.
- Microinverters give modules independent conversion and tracking, but branch circuits, communications and grid equipment can still be shared failure points.
- Do not infer shade gain, warranty life, cost or expandability from topology. Compare the exact models, layout, portal access, warranty terms and approved design.

Both topologies convert PV output from DC to AC. A string inverter serves one or more strings and may provide several MPPT inputs. A microinverter sits at module level and controls that module's operating point. See AC vs DC solar panels for the full energy path.

Compare the actual design

- String and MPPT allocation: identify every module on each string and tracker. Do not describe a multi-MPPT inverter as controlling the whole array at one operating point.

- Shade: trace when and where shade lands. Bypass paths, module layout and inverter controls affect the loss; a topology label cannot provide a reliable percentage.

- Electrical limits: verify cold open-circuit voltage, operating voltage, current, power and permitted string lengths using the exact documents.

- Monitoring: confirm whether module-, string- or system-level data is available to the installer and owner, and whether access depends on a gateway, account or subscription.

- Service boundary: record what stops when a device, branch, gateway or shared inverter fails, and what roof access a replacement requires.

Field decision

Module-level conversion may suit a layout with different operating conditions or a requirement for module-level visibility. A string inverter may suit a design that can be grouped cleanly across its available MPPT inputs and where accessible central service is valuable. Neither statement is a rule: product limits, network settings, rooftop conditions and the service model can change the result.

Before accepting either proposal

- Match the model numbers on the quote, datasheets and design.

- Mark roof faces, shade windows, strings, MPPTs and AC branches.

- Check operating limits and the intended export-control arrangement.

- Read the exact product and performance warranties, including labour, access and transport terms.

- Confirm how commissioning data and later diagnostics will be accessed.

- For an Australian SRES installation, confirm the exact models are on the approved product lists and installed before the relevant listing expiry.

Use the topology to ask better questions. Use the documented site design to make the decision.

---

## Solar panel orientation and tilt
Source: https://wattbench.ai/solar-panel-orientation

North is a useful southern-hemisphere starting point, not a site answer. The field decision must account for shade, roof geometry, local weather, interval load, tariffs, export limits and any battery.

Key points:
- In Australia, a north-facing array is a general starting point for annual solar access; site-specific shade, tilt, horizon and weather can change the result.
- East- or west-facing modules shift generation earlier or later. Whether that improves bill value depends on measured load timing, import and export tariffs, export controls and storage operation.
- Model the usable roof options before moving modules or adding tilt frames. Record assumptions so the customer can see whether the design targets yield, self-use, a constrained export window or a seasonal load.

Choose the objective first

An orientation cannot be “best” until the design objective is stated. Common objectives include annual energy, self-consumption, production during a constrained export window, seasonal output, usable system size or lowest installed complexity.

What direction changes

- North: the Australian Government's YourHome guide gives north as a general southern-hemisphere rule for annual solar exposure.

- East or north-east: moves more of the production profile towards morning.

- West or north-west: moves more of the profile towards afternoon.

- Split arrays: can broaden the production window, subject to shade and suitable string or MPPT allocation.

These are profile descriptions, not financial conclusions. Local irradiance, horizon, shade and roof pitch determine the energy. Interval consumption, tariffs, export controls and battery operation determine its value.

Field workflow

- Mark every usable roof face, pitch and obstruction.

- Record recurring shade across the day and note seasonal uncertainty.

- Confirm the customer's objective and obtain interval load data where available.

- Model realistic layouts with the same weather, losses and equipment assumptions.

- Check that differently performing groups are allocated to suitable strings and MPPT inputs.

- Record export limits, tariff assumptions and battery controls separately from the yield model.

Tilt is not only an energy calculation

Tilt changes solar access and seasonal production, but the installed decision also includes the existing roof, mounting certification, wind actions, row spacing, drainage, debris and safe access. Do not recommend a tilt frame from a latitude rule alone. Compare the modelled gain with the added design, installation and maintenance consequences.

What to hand over

Keep the proposed orientation, tilt, shade assumptions, annual estimate and production profile together. State whether the layout was chosen for annual yield, time-of-day fit or a physical constraint. The estimate is a design aid, not a production guarantee.

---

## How to read a solar panel datasheet
Source: https://wattbench.ai/reading-a-solar-datasheet

Use the exact model column, read every rating with its test conditions, and carry the electrical and mechanical limits into the site design. The datasheet is an input, not proof of suitability by itself.

Key points:
- Confirm the exact model and power-class column first. Family datasheets can place several variants and different electrical values on one page.
- STC nameplate values are measured at stated reference conditions. String design must also apply the published temperature coefficients and the site's design temperatures.
- Product and performance warranties are separate documents. Read coverage, exclusions, remedy and claim costs; do not compare products from the headline duration alone.

1. Lock the product identity

Start with the manufacturer, full model number and power class. A family datasheet may cover several variants in adjacent columns. Match the quote, datasheet, module label and design record; do not carry a value from a neighbouring model.

2. Read the rating conditions

Module nameplate values at Standard Test Conditions (STC) use 1,000 W/m² irradiance, 25 °C cell temperature and air mass 1.5. STC supports comparison under a common reference; it does not promise that output on a roof.

- Pmax: maximum power for the selected model at the stated condition.

- Voc and Isc: open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current used in limit checks.

- Vmp and Imp: voltage and current at the maximum-power point.

- Power tolerance: the manufacturer's permitted nameplate variation. Record it exactly rather than assuming it is positive-only.

- NMOT or NOCT table: if supplied, read its printed test conditions. Do not treat it as a site forecast.

3. Carry temperature into the design

Datasheets normally state temperature coefficients for power, voltage and current. Use the exact coefficient, unit and reference condition printed for that model. Cold cells can increase open-circuit voltage; hot cells change operating voltage and power. Apply the site's documented design temperatures and the required design method rather than a generic technology range.

Then verify the complete string against the inverter's MPPT window, start voltage, maximum input voltage, current and power limits, plus any other applicable system limit. A calculator result remains an estimate until the design inputs and requirements are checked.

4. Check the mechanical schedule

- dimensions, mass and approved clamping or mounting zones;

- front and rear mechanical load ratings and the conditions attached to them;

- maximum system voltage and overcurrent-protection rating;

- cable length, conductor size and the exact connector manufacturer and type;

- junction-box and enclosure ratings; and

- any environmental qualification relevant to the site.

Do not translate “compatible” connector wording into permission to mate unlike products. Follow the exact equipment and installation requirements.

5. Separate qualification, listing and site suitability

IEC 61215 covers design qualification and type approval for terrestrial PV modules. IEC 61730 covers module safety qualification. These are not substitutes for the Australian product-list check or for a site-specific compliant design.

For an Australian SRES installation, the Clean Energy Regulator requires the installed PV module and inverter models to appear on the approved product lists, and the components must be commissioned before their listing expiry. Check the live list against the complete model number.

6. Open the warranty documents

A module can have a product warranty for materials or workmanship and a separate performance warranty describing an output floor over time. Compare the actual warranty documents for:

- the covered model and warranty start date;

- the output curve or stated floor;

- exclusions and required records;

- repair, replacement, refund or pro-rata remedy; and

- labour, freight, removal and reinstallation costs.

A duration or degradation figure from another product family is not evidence for this module.

Fast handover record

Save the exact datasheet and warranty revision used for design, the current approved-list check, the module label photo and the final string schedule. That makes later commissioning, fault-finding and warranty work traceable.

---

## Solar Export Limiting, Explained
Source: https://wattbench.ai/solar-export-limiting

An export limit controls power sent through the grid connection point. The site approval—not a state-wide rule of thumb—is the authority for its value, operating mode and commissioning requirements.

Key points:
- Read the connection approval as a set of separate constraints: export, inverter, generation and storage limits may differ, but do not assume they are independent unless the approval says so.
- Fixed, zero and flexible export schemes use different equipment, communications and fallback behaviour. Verify the current network requirements and approved models for the exact address.
- On site, preserve the approval, as-found settings, meter topology, phase arrangement, timestamps and grid-flow evidence before changing anything or escalating a suspected export fault.

Start with the connection point

An export limit governs the net power permitted to flow from the premises into the grid at the connection point. Solar may still serve loads or charge a battery behind that point, subject to the approved design and equipment controls. The approval may separately constrain inverter capacity, generation, storage, import or export, so record every field rather than treating one number as the whole connection.

The authoritative value is the current connection approval for the address. State summaries, neighbouring systems and remembered defaults are useful prompts only; they are not commissioning evidence.

Why limits differ

Electricity networks use connection conditions to manage voltage, power quality and available network capacity as customer generation and storage grow. The offered connection can therefore vary by network area, local conditions, application type, phase arrangement and approved equipment.

Do not tell a customer that an export limit is imposed only because their street is "full" or that a larger limit is guaranteed after a network upgrade. Capture what the network approved and direct policy or capacity questions to the network.

Fixed, zero and flexible arrangements

A fixed export limit uses a constant approved cap. A zero-export arrangement is intended to prevent net export, using the approved control scheme and measurement at the connection point. Do not promise that metered flow will be numerically zero at every instant; the applicable technical requirements define the control response and tolerances.

A flexible or dynamic connection can vary import or export limits with network conditions. Western Power describes dynamic operating envelopes as adjusting limits in near real time. SA Power Networks currently offers flexible exports state-wide for applicable new or upgraded systems and warns that actual capacity may be below the scheme maximum. These examples show why the network, address and application date matter.

CSIP-AUS provides a common Australian communications profile used in some dynamic connection schemes. Its use does not make every inverter, gateway or site eligible. Confirm the scheme's current approved-equipment list, firmware, gateway, internet and commissioning requirements.

What to capture on site

- Connection approval or reference, issue date, address and approved operating mode.

- All stated inverter, generation, storage, import and export limits, including per-phase wording.

- Exact inverter, controller, meter or current-sensor models and firmware where visible.

- Meter and sensor location, orientation, phase mapping and communications state.

- As-found export settings before any authorised change.

- Timestamped inverter power, battery power, site load and grid-flow readings taken together.

- Active alarms, event logs and the network or manufacturer commissioning result.

A low-export reading on its own does not prove that export control is faulty. Site load, battery charging, available solar, grid voltage, a flexible setpoint, communications state and equipment derating can all affect the observed flow.

Keep commissioning inside authority

Do not copy a setting from another site or use this guide to choose a control mode. A licensed worker should follow the live connection approval, current network technical requirements and the manufacturer's instructions for the exact equipment. If those sources conflict or are unavailable, preserve the as-found state and escalate rather than guessing.

For planning only, use the solar system size calculator and payback calculator with the site's actual approved export arrangement. Results are estimates, not connection approvals or certificates.

---

## TOPCon solar cells, explained
Source: https://wattbench.ai/topcon-solar-cells

TOPCon is a passivating-contact cell architecture built around an ultra-thin oxide and a doped silicon layer. It is now a mainstream production route, but the label alone does not supply the figures needed for a system design.

Key points:
- TOPCon means Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact: an ultra-thin dielectric layer and doped silicon layer form a passivating, carrier-selective contact.
- The architecture reduces contact recombination and has become a mainstream industrial route, commonly on n-type wafers, but it does not guarantee a product-level efficiency or reliability result.
- Design from the exact module datasheet and installation manual, especially the voltage, current, temperature-coefficient, bifacial, mounting and warranty details.

What TOPCon is

TOPCon stands for Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact. It is a silicon-cell contact architecture, not a finished-module performance grade. Fraunhofer ISE describes the contact as an extremely thin dielectric tunnel oxide combined with a thin doped silicon layer. The stack passivates the silicon surface while allowing the wanted charge carriers to reach the metal contact.

Reducing recombination at the contact can support higher cell voltage and efficiency. Commercial TOPCon products are commonly based on n-type wafers, but the name TOPCon defines the contact approach rather than every other material or construction choice in a module.

Why it became mainstream

Industry roadmaps and public research programmes describe a rapid production transition from PERC to passivating-contact technologies, with TOPCon now a mainstream route. One practical driver is that TOPCon production can be adapted from parts of the conventional silicon-cell manufacturing base more readily than HJT, whose process flow is substantially different.

That industry-level manufacturing context does not prove that one quoted module is cheaper, more durable or higher yielding than another. Those are product- and site-specific questions.

Compare products, not acronyms

Do not assign a generic module efficiency, temperature coefficient, bifaciality factor, degradation rate or warranty term to TOPCon. Cell metallisation, interconnection, encapsulation, glass or backsheet selection and module layout all affect the finished product. Current reliability research also treats n-type technologies as products and material stacks to evaluate, not as a blanket guarantee against every degradation mechanism.

TOPCon modules are often offered as bifacial products. If rear-side irradiance is part of the design, use the exact model's bifacial parameters and rear-side electrical ratings. A technology-wide typical is not a substitute for the manufacturer's declared data.

Field checks that matter

- String limits: calculate with the exact Voc and its temperature coefficient, not the cell type.

- Current limits: use Isc, Imp and the applicable rear-side contribution from the module documentation where bifacial operation is expected.

- Mechanical installation: check dimensions, mass, mounting zones, clamp positions and load ratings for the exact model.

- Product evidence: read the installation manual, certificates supplied for the product, and the product and performance warranties.

The useful conclusion is deliberately narrow: TOPCon explains how the cell contact is formed. The datasheet and installation manual explain whether the module fits the job.

---

## Virtual Power Plants (VPP), Explained
Source: https://wattbench.ai/virtual-power-plants

A virtual power plant coordinates customer batteries or other flexible devices through software. For an owner or technician, the useful question is not the fleet size—it is what the live contract and control state allow the operator to do at this site.

Key points:
- VPP capability is not the same as active enrolment. Confirm the provider, contract, compatible hardware, account and current participation state.
- The operator may control some charging or discharging in return for a contract-defined benefit; reserve, event behaviour, tariff interaction, warranty and exit terms vary by offer.
- When battery behaviour looks unexpected, capture timestamps, state of charge, site and grid power, operating mode, communications and provider event status before changing settings.

Capability, enrolment and dispatch are different

A virtual power plant, or VPP, coordinates customer batteries and sometimes other flexible devices through software and communications. The Australian Government describes participation as allowing an operator to control a battery for some or all of the time in return for a financial benefit.

Keep four states separate: the product may be technically capable, the site may be eligible for an offer, the owner may have enrolled, and the operator may or may not be actively dispatching the battery now. A VPP-capable label proves only the first of those unless current account evidence shows more.

What the operator may do

Depending on the offer, an operator may coordinate charging or discharging in response to energy prices, power-system needs or a network service. Different VPPs have different control rights and pass value to customers in different ways. Do not promise a payment structure, event frequency or bill outcome from a generic VPP description.

Internet connectivity, compatible firmware, additional hardware or software, and permission for a controller to access the system may be required. Eligibility can depend on the exact battery and inverter combination, retailer, network area, tariff and existing account.

Read the live offer before enrolment

- Which exact battery, inverter and gateway models are compatible?

- How is the benefit calculated, and which terms or rates can change?

- How much capacity or state of charge can the operator use, and what reserve remains?

- Can VPP control change backup availability, self-consumption or tariff optimisation?

- What internet, account access and data sharing are required?

- How can the owner pause or leave, and are there fees, repayment or lock-in terms?

- How does participation interact with the battery and workmanship warranties?

Government incentives and provider offers are time- and location-sensitive. NSW currently publishes a VPP incentive, while Western Australia's Project Jupiter is building future large-scale coordination capability. Use those live official pages to establish present eligibility; do not carry a historical trial figure or old advertised payment into advice.

Triage unexpected battery behaviour

VPP activity can resemble a battery fault or an unexplained settings change. Before altering an installer setting, record:

- the owner-authorised provider and account, enrolment status and relevant contract;

- the exact timestamp and timezone of the behaviour;

- battery state of charge, operating mode, backup reserve and active alarms;

- solar generation, site load, battery power and grid flow at the same time;

- internet, gateway and cloud status, plus any provider event notification;

- screenshots and exportable logs from both the manufacturer and provider views.

Ask the VPP provider to confirm whether it issued a command at that timestamp. Ask the manufacturer or installer to investigate if no dispatch explains the behaviour, alarms are present, or the system does not return to its expected owner mode. Do not disable communications or remove enrolment without the owner's authority and the contract exit process.

Value is household- and contract-specific

VPP participation can provide a financial benefit and support the power system, but it can also change cycling, backup energy and control. The Australian Government warns that battery savings may not repay the battery within its warranted life and recommends checking possible battery-life, backup and warranty effects when comparing VPPs.

Use the solar payback calculator only as a planning estimate. Keep a VPP payment separate from ordinary self-consumption savings unless the current offer provides enough evidence to model both without double counting.

---

## Battery Backup Architecture and Essential Loads
Source: https://wattbench.ai/battery-backup-architecture-essential-loads

A battery’s energy capacity does not tell you what will remain energised in an outage. The answer sits in the backup architecture, transfer equipment and documented load schedule.

Key points:
- Separate backup power, backup energy and backed-up circuits: they are different design questions.
- Whole-home, selected-circuit and managed-load systems behave differently during an outage and must be handed over accordingly.
- Commissioning must prove transfer, circuit selection, load behaviour, communications and recovery—not only that the battery charges.

Three questions, not one

Battery proposals often collapse three separate quantities into “backup”: usable energy in kilowatt-hours, available power in kilowatts and the circuits physically connected to the backed-up side. Energy influences duration. Power and surge behaviour determine what can run at once. The switchboard and transfer architecture decide what is energised at all.

Use the essential-load schedule to document continuous demand and daily energy, then check the exact battery, inverter and transfer-equipment limits in current product documentation. The worksheet is an estimate and does not replace the licensed design.

Common architectures

Selected-circuit backup moves nominated circuits to an essential-load section. Whole-home backup places a broader installation behind compatible transfer equipment but still remains constrained by system power and load behaviour. Managed-load backup can shed or sequence circuits through supported controllers. The labels are not interchangeable, and product families support different configurations.

Tesla describes its Backup Gateway as the component that detects grid outages, disconnects the backed-up system from the grid and acts as a site meter. Enphase identifies its System Controller as part of supported backup configurations and publishes separate installation and commissioning material. Those product documents—not a generic diagram—govern the actual arrangement.

Select essential loads from evidence

Start with what the customer needs during a realistic outage: refrigeration, lighting, communications, medical or work-critical equipment and limited general power. Record continuous demand, expected run-time, starting behaviour and whether any load can be deferred. Large thermal and motor loads can consume the available power quickly or create starting conditions that a simple daily-energy total misses.

Do not imply that a circuit is backed up until its connection and operation have been verified. The handover should name backed-up and non-backed-up circuits, operating limitations, reserve behaviour and the controls available to the owner.

Commission the outage behaviour

A useful record captures the system state before the test, the transfer event, which circuits remained available, any load shedding, battery power and state of charge, alerts, restoration and return to normal grid operation. Testing, switching and switchboard work are licensed-worker tasks and must follow the exact manufacturer process and applicable Australian requirements.

AS/NZS 5139 covers safety and installation requirements for battery systems used with power conversion equipment. AS/NZS 4777.1:2024 covers installation requirements for inverter energy systems and distinguishes its scope from PV-array and battery-system standards. Always work from the current editions and the approved design.

---

## Solar and Battery Commissioning Evidence Packs
Source: https://wattbench.ai/commissioning-evidence-pack

A commissioning record should let another competent person understand what was installed, what was tested, what changed and what the customer received.

Key points:
- Record the approved design and equipment identity before recording results.
- A useful test entry names the point, condition, method, result and person responsible.
- Keep as-found state, changes, final state and customer handover together so the record survives staff and platform changes.

The pack has four layers

Authority is the approval, current design, applicable network requirements and manufacturer instructions. Identity is the exact installed equipment, firmware, serial or asset references and configuration. Evidence is the timestamped observation, measurement, action and outcome. Handover is what the customer received and was shown.

If one layer is missing, the next technician is forced to reconstruct intent from screenshots and labels. A strong pack makes the job legible without claiming that the report itself is a compliance certificate.

Capture as found before changing anything

Record system state, active alerts, relevant settings, monitoring status and visible equipment condition before resets, updates or configuration changes. This preserves the evidence that explains why the work was required and prevents the final “all green” screen from erasing the fault history.

Make every result interpretable

For a reading, name the measurement point, phase or circuit, operating condition, unit, instrument or method and time. For an action, record who performed it, the supporting instruction or approval and the before-and-after state. For a photograph, store the image in the business’s approved system and put its stable file reference in the job pack; Wattbench deliberately does not create a new cloud photo store.

Product commissioning remains product-specific

Enphase publishes an Australian commissioning guide and installation checklist that include device provisioning, validation and documented checks. Tesla publishes model-specific installation documents and limits installation to certified installers. These demonstrate why a generic checklist cannot replace the exact product workflow.

Close with a handover record

- Final equipment and settings record.

- Completed test and validation evidence.

- Backed-up circuits, export arrangement and operating limitations.

- Monitoring access confirmed with the customer.

- Shutdown, emergency and support information supplied.

- Outstanding actions, owner and due date.

Create a saved Wattbench job, file calculators and references to it, add structured evidence, then print the field report. The report is a durable field record—not a quote, engineering specification or certificate.

---

## Export-Control Commissioning: Metering, CTs and Proof
Source: https://wattbench.ai/export-control-commissioning

Export control is a closed-loop site function, not just an inverter setting. Commission it from the connection approval through to measured import and export evidence.

Key points:
- Start with the approved site limit and point of application; do not infer either from the inverter rating.
- The controller can only act on what its meter or CT arrangement reports, so direction, phase mapping, location and communications all need evidence.
- A commissioning record should show settings as found, controlled test conditions and the measured response—not just a screenshot saying export control is enabled.

Begin with the approved intent

Export control starts with the connection approval, not the inverter menu. Record the approved export arrangement, the connection point it applies at, the phase arrangement and every inverter or battery that contributes to site generation. Network rules change and existing approvals may remain subject to the conditions under which they were assessed, so never replace the site record with a remembered “standard” limit.

Western Power describes export limits as applying net at the network connection point. Its current guidance also says that changing an existing export or generation limit can trigger a new application. Other DNSPs use their own connection processes. The job pack therefore needs the actual approval and current DNSP requirements attached or referenced.

Treat the measurement chain as part of the control loop

A feed-in controller needs a trustworthy view of net site flow. Depending on the product, that view comes from a compatible energy meter, direct-connected measurement or current transformers. Record the meter and controller model, firmware, communications path, CT ratio where applicable, physical location, phase mapping and indicated direction.

Direction errors are especially deceptive: the interface may show plausible numbers while import and export signs are reversed. Multi-phase sites add another failure mode when a CT is mapped to the wrong phase. Do not correct wiring or settings from this article. Those are licensed-worker tasks performed from the exact product instructions and approved design.

Commission with controlled observations

Capture a baseline with generation, site load and grid flow clearly identified. Then create documented operating conditions that allow the control response to be observed without defeating protection or exceeding the approval. Compare the inverter or controller view, the site measurement and any independent meter evidence as separate sources; they can differ in update interval, sign convention and measurement point.

Record the requested limit, actual site flow, response time observed, equipment state and any communications loss behaviour. A single “enabled” screen does not prove that the complete measurement-and-control loop works.

What belongs in the evidence pack

- Connection approval and approved export arrangement.

- Single-line or site diagram identifying the measurement point.

- Meter, CT, controller and inverter identifiers and firmware.

- Settings as found and every authorised change.

- Import/export observations under named operating conditions.

- Final screenshots, test results and customer handover information.

Use the export-control commissioning playbook to collect the sequence and file the resulting evidence to a saved Wattbench job.

---

## Grid-Voltage Investigations: Build the Evidence Chain
Source: https://wattbench.ai/grid-voltage-investigation

A single high reading does not identify the cause. Separate inverter telemetry, site measurements, circuit rise and network conditions before escalating.

Key points:
- Start with timestamps and patterns: one event, daily recurrence and site-wide behaviour imply different investigations.
- Keep inverter telemetry, measurements at named points and retailer or DNSP data as separate evidence sources.
- Do not alter grid-protection settings to mask a voltage problem; settings and escalation follow the approval and current network process.

Start with the event pattern

Record the exact event code, inverter model, time, duration, generation, site load and weather. Note whether every inverter or phase is affected and whether the event occurs at similar times on clear days. Monitoring data can establish a pattern, but it is not automatically a calibrated electrical measurement.

Name every measurement point

A voltage reading only makes sense when its location, phase, method, time and operating condition are recorded. Measurements at the inverter terminals, main switchboard and connection point answer different questions. The AC voltage rise worksheet compares two entered readings without pretending to issue a compliance verdict.

Electrical measurements and switchboard access are licensed-worker tasks. Record instrument identification and test conditions in the evidence log. Do not send an owner to operate isolators or open equipment to collect data.

Separate the site from the network

Voltage at an inverter reflects both the incoming supply and changes across the site’s AC circuit while exporting. A structured investigation compares named points under documented conditions, checks the installation and protection arrangement, and then determines whether DNSP escalation is supported. It does not jump from an app screenshot to a network conclusion.

Keep settings changes out of diagnosis

Grid response and protection settings exist to satisfy current connection requirements. Western Power’s guidance states that existing approvals remain tied to their conditions and that changing export or generation limits can require a new application. Never widen or defeat a setting simply to keep an inverter online. Preserve settings as found, approval details and every authorised change.

Prepare an escalation pack

- Connection approval, supply and phase details.

- Exact inverter events and a timestamped recurrence pattern.

- Measurements at clearly named points and conditions.

- Relevant circuit and equipment details.

- Monitoring exports kept distinct from instrument readings.

- Installer assessment and the specific question for the DNSP.

The grid-overvoltage playbook provides the safe sequence for packaging that evidence.

---

## Module and Inverter Compatibility: The Complete Check
Source: https://wattbench.ai/module-inverter-compatibility

Matching watts is not enough. A defensible string design checks cold voltage, operating voltage, current, parallel strings, connectors and the exact model documentation.

Key points:
- Use exact model numbers and current documents; family-level marketing data is not a design input.
- Check maximum cold open-circuit voltage separately from the operating MPPT window and starting voltage.
- Current compatibility includes input, short-circuit, connector and parallel-string constraints—not only module Imp.

Freeze the exact product pair

Begin with the complete module and inverter model numbers, document revisions and proposed MPPT/string arrangement. A family datasheet can cover multiple power classes with different electrical values. Record the precise column used and keep a copy or link in the job evidence pack.

Voltage has two different jobs

The maximum-voltage check uses string open-circuit voltage corrected for the expected lowest cell temperature. Manufacturer instructions from LONGi and SMA both state that cold open-circuit voltage must remain within the relevant system and inverter limits. This is a hard equipment and safety boundary.

The operating check uses the module’s maximum-power voltage across expected operating temperatures and compares it with the inverter’s MPPT and starting ranges. Passing the maximum-voltage check does not prove that the string will track efficiently when hot, and sitting inside a broad operating range does not necessarily mean full rated power is available across it.

Current is more than one number

Record module operating current and short-circuit current, strings per MPPT, the inverter’s usable input-current and short-circuit limits, and any connector or input constraints in the product instructions. Parallel strings add current. Manufacturer terminology differs, so do not substitute “maximum input current” for a separately specified short-circuit-current boundary.

Check the physical and supported configuration

Confirm compatible connector families, conductor and protection design, earthing arrangement, module type restrictions, MPPT sharing rules and any optimizer or rapid-shutdown requirements. SMA’s product instructions, for example, distinguish electrical limits and state configuration expectations for modules sharing an input. The exact product manual wins.

Use Wattbench as a worksheet, not approval

The compatibility worksheet compares the values you enter and the string sizing calculator exposes its temperature formula. Neither knows every product restriction or the current standard. Save the result with the source documents and have the final design completed by the appropriately licensed and accredited person.

---

# Inverter & Battery Fault Libraries

Documented error / alarm codes by manufacturer. Each entry: code, name: meaning (and the documented fix, where one exists). Faults involving DC/AC isolation, wiring or opening a unit are licensed electrical work.

## Huawei (SUN2000 series): fault codes
Source: https://wattbench.ai/huawei-inverter-error-codes

A reference compiled by Wattbench from publicly available Huawei inverter documentation. Source-linked homeowner and installer remedies are reviewed against the Australian SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2 and SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3 manuals. The remaining residential, battery, backup and scheduling codes stay searchable as broader SUN2000 reference without inheriting M2/M3 applicability. Safety note: anything involving DC isolators, AC switches, wiring, electrical measurements or opening the unit is licensed-electrician work. If in doubt, record the alarm and contact your installer.

- 2001, High string input voltage: Open-circuit voltage exceeds the maximum input voltage. Fix: Contact your solar installer. Check the number of PV modules connected in series in the PV string, and ensure the string open-circuit voltage is no greater than the maximum operating voltage. Once the PV array is correctly configured, the alarm clears automatically. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2002, DC arc fault: The PV string power cable arcs or is in poor contact. Cause ID 1 = PV1, Cause ID 2 = PV2. Fix: Contact your solar installer. Check whether the string cables arc or are in poor contact. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2003, DC arc fault: The PV string power cable arcs or is in poor contact. Cause ID 1 = PV1, Cause ID 2 = PV2. Fix: Contact your solar installer. Check whether the string cables arc or are in poor contact. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2011, String reversed: The PV string is reverse-connected. Cause ID 1 = PV1, Cause ID 2 = PV2. Fix: Contact your solar installer. Check whether the PV string is reverse-connected to the inverter. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2012, String current back-feed: Only a few PV modules are connected in series in the string, so its end voltage is lower than the other strings. Cause ID 1 = PV1, Cause ID 2 = PV2. Fix: A licensed installer should compare the module count with parallel strings, check for shading, and verify the string open-circuit voltage. Any reconfiguration must follow the exact model procedure and only occur after the circuit is made safe. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2021, AFCI check failure: The AFCI self-check fails. Either the AFCI check circuit is abnormal, or the AFCI circuit is faulty. Fix: Turn off the AC output switch and DC input switch, then turn them on again after 5 minutes. If the fault persists, contact your solar installer, dealer, or Huawei technical support. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2031, Phase wire short-circuit to PE: The impedance of the output phase wire is low, or it is short-circuited to PE. Fix: Contact your solar installer. Check the impedance of the output phase wire to PE, locate the position with low impedance, and restore it. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2032, Grid failure: The grid is experiencing an outage, the AC circuit is disconnected, or the AC switch is off. Fix: Check whether grid supply is available and record the switch states without operating them. If supply is present, a licensed installer should verify the AC cable and switch connection. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2033, Grid under-voltage: The grid voltage is below the lower threshold, or the under-voltage duration exceeds the value specified by LVRT. Fix: The inverter normally recovers when the grid returns to range. If repeated, the installer should verify the measured voltage and AC connection; contact the network operator if supply is out of range. Change protection settings only with network approval. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2034, Grid over-voltage: The grid voltage is above the upper threshold, or the over-voltage duration exceeds the value specified by HVRT. Fix: The inverter normally recovers when the grid returns to range. If repeated, the installer should verify the voltage at the grid connection point and contact the network operator if it is out of range. Change protection settings only with network approval. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2035, Unbalanced grid voltage: The difference between grid phase voltages exceeds the upper threshold. Fix: The inverter normally recovers when the grid returns to range. If repeated, a licensed installer should verify the phase voltages and AC output cables, then escalate an out-of-range supply to the network operator. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2036, Grid over-frequency: Grid exception: the actual grid frequency is higher than the local grid standard allows. Fix: The inverter normally recovers when frequency returns to range. If repeated, verify the event data and contact the network operator if supply is out of range. Change protection settings only with network approval. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2037, Grid under-frequency: Grid exception: the actual grid frequency is lower than the local grid standard requires. Fix: The inverter normally recovers when frequency returns to range. If repeated, verify the event data and contact the network operator if supply is out of range. Change protection settings only with network approval. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2038, Unstable grid frequency: Grid exception: the rate of change of grid frequency does not comply with the local grid standard. Fix: The inverter normally recovers when the grid stabilises. If the event repeats, have the installer verify the frequency data and contact the network operator if it is outside range. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2039, Output over-current: The grid voltage drops dramatically or the grid is short-circuited, so the inverter's transient output current exceeds the upper threshold and protection is triggered. Fix: The inverter monitors for recovery automatically. If the event repeats or affects production, a licensed installer should check the AC output for a short circuit and contact Huawei support if unresolved. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2040, Output DC component over-high: The DC component of the inverter output current exceeds the specified upper threshold. Fix: The inverter monitors for recovery automatically. If the event repeats, contact the installer, dealer or Huawei technical support. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2051, Abnormal residual current: The insulation impedance of the input side to PE decreases while the inverter is operating. Fix: A transient event may clear automatically. If it repeats or persists, a licensed installer should test the impedance between each PV string and earth and rectify any insulation fault. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2061, Abnormal grounding: The N cable or ground cable is not connected. When a PV array is grounded, the inverter output is not connected to an isolation transformer. Fix: A licensed installer should power off the inverter using the exact model procedure, verify the PE and neutral connections, and confirm any isolation-transformer configuration before changing the grounding-inspection setting. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2062, Low insulation resistance: The PV array is short-circuited to PE, or the array's environment is damp and insulation between the array and ground is poor. Fix: A licensed installer should test the impedance between the PV array and PE, locate any short circuit or insulation defect, and verify the inverter PE connection. Do not lower the protection threshold without confirming the exact model requirements and site conditions. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2063, Over-temperature: The inverter is installed in a poorly ventilated location, or the ambient temperature is too high. Fix: Check the ventilation and ambient temperature at the install location. If ventilation is poor or the ambient temperature is above the upper threshold, improve airflow and heat dissipation. If both meet requirements, contact your dealer or Huawei technical support. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2064, Device fault: An unrecoverable fault has occurred on a circuit inside the inverter. Fix: Turn off the AC output switch and DC input switch, then turn them on again after 5 minutes. If the fault persists, contact your dealer or Huawei technical support. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2065, Upgrade failed / software version mismatch: The upgrade did not complete normally. Fix: Retry the supported inverter upgrade. If it fails repeatedly, contact the dealer or Huawei technical support; do not install an unverified firmware package. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2066, Licence expired: The privilege certificate has entered its grace period; the privileged feature will become invalid soon. Fix: Apply for and load a new privilege certificate through the authorised Huawei workflow. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2067, Faulty power collector: Communication with the power meter is interrupted. Fix: Contact your solar installer. Confirm the power meter settings match the actual model, that its communications parameters match the inverter's RS485 settings, that it is powered on, and that the RS485 cable is connected correctly. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2068, Battery abnormal: The battery is faulty or disconnected, or the battery circuit breaker is off while the battery is running. Fix: Record the battery indicator and alarm details. A qualified installer should verify the battery power, enable and communication connections and configuration; contact the battery supplier or Huawei if the alarm persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 2070, Active islanding: During a grid AC outage, the inverter proactively detects islanding. Fix: Contact your installer. Check that the grid-connection voltage of the inverter is normal. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 2072, Transient AC over-voltage: The inverter detects that the phase voltage exceeds the transient AC over-voltage protection threshold. Fix: A licensed installer should verify voltage at the grid connection point and its peak value. Contact the network operator if supply is too high; change the protection threshold only with network approval. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2077, Off-grid output overload: The off-grid output is overloaded or short-circuited. Fix: Reduce non-essential loads on the backed-up circuit. If it does not clear, a licensed installer should check for an output short circuit and verify that the load configuration is within the device rating. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 2080, Abnormal PV module configuration: PV module configuration does not meet requirements, or the module output is reverse-connected or short-circuited. Cause IDs: 2: too many optimisers in a single string; 3: too few optimisers in a string, or abnormal sunlight; 5: abnormal optimiser output voltage; 6: abnormal string or parallel connection; 7: string configuration changed. Fix: Contact your installer. Check that the total number of PV modules, the number per string, and the number of strings meet requirements, and that module output is not reverse-connected. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 2081, Optimiser fault: The optimiser is offline or faulty. Fix: Contact your dealer or Huawei technical support for optimiser replacement. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 2082, Grid-tied / off-grid controller abnormal: The inverter fails to communicate with the Smart Backup Box, or an unrecoverable fault has occurred inside the Smart Backup Box. Fix: A licensed installer should follow the exact model shutdown procedure, inspect the power and RS485 connections between the inverter and backup controller, and contact Huawei if the alarm persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 2085, Built-in PID operation abnormal: The output resistance of the PV arrays to ground is low, or the system insulation resistance is low. Fix: Check the impedance between the PV array output and ground; rectify any short circuit or insufficient insulation. Alternatively, turn off the AC output and DC input switches, wait the period stated on the device safety label, then turn the DC input and AC output switches back on. If the alarm persists, contact your dealer or Huawei technical support. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.
- 2090, Abnormal active power scheduling instruction: The DI input is abnormal, or inconsistent with the configuration. Fix: A qualified installer should verify the DI-port wiring and active-power dry-contact mapping, then confirm the required mapping with the network operator. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 2091, Abnormal reactive power scheduling instruction: The DI input is abnormal, or inconsistent with the configuration. Fix: A qualified installer should verify the DI-port wiring and reactive-power dry-contact mapping, then confirm the required mapping with the network operator. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 61440, Monitoring unit faulty: The flash memory is insufficient, or it has bad sectors. Fix: Turn off the AC output switch and then the DC input switch. After 5 minutes, turn on the AC output switch and then the DC input switch. If the fault persists, the board may need replacing. Contact your dealer or Huawei technical support. Applicability: confirmed; SUN2000-(8KTL–20KTL)-M2; documented exact models SUN2000-8KTL-M2, SUN2000-10KTL-M2, SUN2000-12KTL-M2, SUN2000-15KTL-M2, SUN2000-17KTL-M2, SUN2000-20KTL-M2; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(8KTL-20KTL)-M2 User Manual, Issue 06 (2022-03-10): Alarm List (Issue 06). The alarm list covers the six exact manual models. Australian-variant confirmation is narrower: it applies only to 8KTL-M2 and 10KTL-M2 unless a current exact-model source proves more; installed firmware remains unconfirmed. | confirmed; SUN2000-(20KTL–40KTL)-M3; documented exact models SUN2000-20KTL-M3, SUN2000-29.9KTL-M3, SUN2000-30KTL-M3, SUN2000-36KTL-M3, SUN2000-40KTL-M3; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SUN2000-(20KTL, 29.9KTL, 30KTL, 36KTL, 40KTL)-M3 User Manual, Issue 02 (2022-02-08): Alarm List (Issue 02). The alarm list covers the five exact M3 models. Installed Australian variant and firmware remain same-session checks rather than stored assumptions.

---

## Fronius: fault codes
Source: https://wattbench.ai/fronius-error-codes

A reference compiled by Wattbench from the current Fronius Symo / Eco operating instructions. Fronius reports faults as numbered State codes on the display or in Solar.web. This library preserves the Symo / Eco meaning of each listed state; the same number can mean something different on another Fronius family, so confirm the exact model before acting. Safety note: owners should record the state and stop at safe visual observations. DC/AC isolation, electrical measurements, settings, wiring and opening equipment are licensed-worker tasks, completed under the exact model and site procedure.

- 102, AC voltage too high: The grid voltage measured at the inverter is above the safe threshold, so it disconnects to protect itself. The single most common Fronius state. Fix: This is almost always a network issue, not an inverter fault. Your local grid voltage is running high. It self-restores when voltage drops. If it's frequent, contact your installer or network operator; Volt-Watt/protection settings may need review (see code 567), and the network may need to adjust the supply. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 103, AC voltage too low: The grid voltage is below the inverter's acceptable range. Fix: Usually self-restores when the grid returns to range. Check the AC connections/main switch; if it recurs, contact your installer or network operator. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 105, AC frequency too high: The grid frequency is above the acceptable range. Fix: Self-restores when the grid returns to normal. If frequent, common on a backup generator, contact your installer or network operator. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 106, AC frequency too low: The grid frequency is below the acceptable range. Fix: Self-restores when the grid returns to normal. If it recurs, contact your installer or network operator. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 107, No AC grid / outside limits: No grid is available, or several grid parameters are out of range, so the inverter can't synchronise. Fix: Check the AC main switch and that the grid is on. If the grid is present and it persists, have your installer check the connection and settings. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 108, Stand-alone operation detected: The inverter detected an islanding condition (running disconnected from the grid). Fix: Usually corrects automatically once the grid is stable. If it recurs, contact your installer. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 112, RCMU error: An error in the residual-current monitoring unit (RCMU). Fix: Restart the inverter. If it persists, contact your installer or a Fronius Service Partner. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 301, Overcurrent (AC): A momentary AC over-current inside the inverter. Fix: Usually rectified automatically. If it shows continuously, notify a Fronius Service Partner. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 302, Overcurrent (DC): A momentary DC over-current inside the inverter. Fix: Usually rectified automatically. If it shows continuously, notify a Fronius Service Partner. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 303, DC module over-temperature: The DC power stage is too hot: usually blocked ventilation, high ambient temperature, or units mounted too close. Fix: Clear the ventilation slots/heat sink, improve airflow, and keep the unit out of direct sun. If it recurs, contact your installer. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 304, AC module over-temperature: The AC power stage is too hot, same causes as 303. Fix: Clear the ventilation slots/heat sink, improve airflow, and keep the unit out of direct sun. If it recurs, contact your installer. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 306 · POWER LOW, PV output too low: The intermediate-circuit voltage is too low to feed in, usually just low light. Fix: Corrects automatically as irradiance rises. If it shows in good sunlight, check the panels aren't shaded/dirty, or contact your installer. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 307 · DC LOW, DC input voltage too low: The DC input voltage is too low for grid feed-in. Fix: Normal at sunrise and sunset. If it persists during the day, contact your installer to check the array. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 309, DC input voltage MPPT 1 too high: The DC voltage on tracker 1 exceeds the inverter's maximum. Fix: Switch off the DC isolator. The string likely has too many panels in series. Your installer must re-check string sizing. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 311, DC string polarity reversed: A DC string is wired with reversed polarity. Fix: Switch off the DC isolator and have your installer correct the DC wiring polarity. Don't do this on a live array. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 313, DC input voltage MPPT 2 too high: The DC voltage on tracker 2 exceeds the inverter's maximum. Fix: Switch off the DC isolator. The string likely has too many panels in series. Your installer must re-check string sizing. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 326 · 327, Fan error: A cooling-fan fault (fan 1 or fan 2). Fix: Check the fan area for blockage. If the fan is faulty it needs replacement. Contact your installer or a Fronius Service Partner. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 425, No communication with power stage: The control can't communicate with the power-stage set. Fix: Do an AC reset (toggle the breaker). If it continues, contact a Fronius Service Partner. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 436, Board incompatibility: Functional incompatibility between PC boards (often after a component replacement). Fix: Update the inverter firmware. If it persists, contact a Fronius Service Partner. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 443, Intermediate-circuit voltage fault: The intermediate-circuit voltage is too low or asymmetric. Fix: Restart once. If it persists, contact a Fronius Service Partner. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 447, Insulation fault: An insulation fault in the inverter or PV array. Fix: Often appears in wet weather and clears when dry. If it's continuous, have an installer check the array and cabling insulation. Don't keep resetting it. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 448, Neutral conductor not connected: The neutral wire is not connected. Fix: This is an electrical wiring fault. Have a licensed electrician or installer check the neutral connection. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 450, Guard cannot be found: The safety guard module was not detected. Fix: Restart once. If it persists, contact a Fronius Service Partner. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 452, Processor communication error: A communication error between the inverter's processors. Fix: Do an AC reset. If it shows continuously, contact a Fronius Service Partner. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 463, Reversed AC polarity: The AC connector is inserted incorrectly or the phase is reversed. Fix: An electrical wiring fault. Have your installer or a Fronius Service Partner correct the AC connection. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 502, Insulation error on the PV modules: An insulation fault between the array (DC+/DC−) and earth, frequently in damp or rainy weather. Fix: If it clears when dry, moisture is getting in. An installer should check the panels, cabling, and MC4 connectors for water ingress or damage. If it persists in dry weather, it needs investigation. Don't keep resetting it. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 509, No feed-in for 24 hours: The inverter hasn't fed energy into the grid in the past 24 hours. Fix: Check the panels aren't shaded, snow-covered, or dirty, and that there isn't another active fault. Normal for a brand-new install before commissioning. If it continues, contact your installer. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 516, No communication with storage unit: The inverter can't communicate with the connected battery/storage unit. Fix: Check the battery is powered on and its communication cabling is intact. If it persists, contact your installer or the battery supplier. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 517, Power derating by temperature: The inverter is reducing output because it's too hot. Fix: Clear the cooling openings and improve airflow; keep the unit out of direct sun. If it recurs, contact your installer. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.
- 567, Volt-Watt power reduction (GVDPR): Grid-Voltage-Dependent Power Reduction (Volt-Watt mode) is active. The inverter is curtailing output because the grid voltage is high. Fix: This is required behaviour under Australian standards, not a fault. Acknowledge it. If it happens often, your network voltage is high; contact your installer or network operator, as it's reducing your generation. Applicability: confirmed; Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco; documented exact models Fronius Symo 3.0-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-S, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-S, Fronius Symo 3.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 3.7-3-M, Fronius Symo 4.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 5.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 6.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 7.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 8.2-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 10.0-3-M-OS, Fronius Symo 12.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 15.0-3-M, Fronius Symo 17.5-3-M, Fronius Symo 20.0-3-M, Fronius Eco 25.0-3-S, Fronius Eco 27.0-3-S; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Fronius Symo / Fronius Eco Operating Instructions: Status diagnosis and troubleshooting (official) (044-17072025). The current e-manual names these 18 Symo/Eco models and the three-phase grid-tied inverter role. Exact installed variant and firmware applicability still require a nameplate and current-source check.

---

## SMA: fault codes
Source: https://wattbench.ai/sma-error-codes

A reference compiled by Wattbench from SMA documentation. SMA reports faults as numbered event codes on the inverter display or in Sunny Portal / SMA 360°. Source-linked homeowner and installer remedies are reviewed for the Australian Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25 (STP12-50–STP25-50) family. Other grouped Sunny Boy and earlier-family records remain searchable reference and do not inherit Tripower X applicability. Safety: owners should record the event and stop at safely visible conditions. DC/AC switching, wiring, insulation tests, protected parameters and opening equipment are licensed-installer tasks.

- 101 · 102 · 103 · 105, Grid voltage / impedance too high: The grid voltage or grid impedance at the inverter's connection point is too high, so it disconnects. Fix: Usually a network issue rather than a faulty inverter. Confirm the country dataset is correct and the grid voltage is in range; if it's frequently high, contact your installer or network operator. It self-restores when voltage returns to range. Applicability: confirmed; Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25; documented exact models STP12-50, STP15-50, STP20-50, STP25-50; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; STP12-50–STP25-50; firmware 2.06.04.R or later; manual SMA Sunny Tripower X (STPxx-50) event messages. Remedies apply only to grouped records whose complete displayed code set appears in the STPxx-50 event manual. Mixed groups containing unsupported event numbers remain unconverted, and installed firmware must be checked against the stated minimum.
- 202 · 203 · 205, Grid disconnected / voltage too low: The grid has been disconnected, the AC cable is damaged, or the grid voltage is too low. Fix: Check the AC circuit breaker / main switch is on and the grid is present. If the grid is fine and it persists, have an installer inspect the AC cable and connections. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 301, 10-minute average voltage out of range: The ten-minute average grid voltage is outside the permissible range. Fix: Monitor the grid voltage during operation. If it's persistently out of range due to local conditions, contact your network operator. Applicability: confirmed; Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25; documented exact models STP12-50, STP15-50, STP20-50, STP25-50; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; STP12-50–STP25-50; firmware 2.06.04.R or later; manual SMA Sunny Tripower X (STPxx-50) event messages. Remedies apply only to grouped records whose complete displayed code set appears in the STPxx-50 event manual. Mixed groups containing unsupported event numbers remain unconverted, and installed firmware must be checked against the stated minimum.
- 302, Power reduced: high AC voltage: The inverter has reduced its output because the grid voltage is high (Volt-Watt response, to support grid stability). Fix: Expected behaviour when grid voltage is high, not a fault. If it happens often it's costing you generation. Your network voltage is high; contact your installer or network operator. Applicability: confirmed; Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25; documented exact models STP12-50, STP15-50, STP20-50, STP25-50; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; STP12-50–STP25-50; firmware 2.06.04.R or later; manual SMA Sunny Tripower X (STPxx-50) event messages. Remedies apply only to grouped records whose complete displayed code set appears in the STPxx-50 event manual. Mixed groups containing unsupported event numbers remain unconverted, and installed firmware must be checked against the stated minimum.
- 401 · 404, Islanding / frequency change: A stand-alone (islanded) grid or a very large change in grid frequency was detected. Fix: Usually a short-term grid event that self-clears. If it recurs, have your installer check the grid connection for frequency fluctuations. Applicability: confirmed; Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25; documented exact models STP12-50, STP15-50, STP20-50, STP25-50; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; STP12-50–STP25-50; firmware 2.06.04.R or later; manual SMA Sunny Tripower X (STPxx-50) event messages. Remedies apply only to grouped records whose complete displayed code set appears in the STPxx-50 event manual. Mixed groups containing unsupported event numbers remain unconverted, and installed firmware must be checked against the stated minimum.
- 501, Grid frequency out of range: The power frequency is outside the permissible range. Fix: Monitor the frequency. If fluctuations are frequent, common on a backup generator, contact your network operator. Applicability: confirmed; Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25; documented exact models STP12-50, STP15-50, STP20-50, STP25-50; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; STP12-50–STP25-50; firmware 2.06.04.R or later; manual SMA Sunny Tripower X (STPxx-50) event messages. Remedies apply only to grouped records whose complete displayed code set appears in the STPxx-50 event manual. Mixed groups containing unsupported event numbers remain unconverted, and installed firmware must be checked against the stated minimum.
- 601, Excess DC in grid current: The inverter detected an excessively high proportion of direct current in the grid current. Fix: If it recurs, contact your installer; the grid operator may need to raise the monitoring threshold, or the inverter may need a service check. Applicability: confirmed; Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25; documented exact models STP12-50, STP15-50, STP20-50, STP25-50; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; STP12-50–STP25-50; firmware 2.06.04.R or later; manual SMA Sunny Tripower X (STPxx-50) event messages. Remedies apply only to grouped records whose complete displayed code set appears in the STPxx-50 event manual. Mixed groups containing unsupported event numbers remain unconverted, and installed firmware must be checked against the stated minimum.
- 901, Grounding (PE) connection missing: The protective-earth (grounding) conductor is not correctly connected. Fix: An electrical-safety fault. Have a licensed electrician or installer check the earth connection against the installation manual. Don't keep resetting it. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 1001, Line and neutral swapped: The L (active) and N (neutral) connections are swapped. Fix: A wiring fault. Have your installer correct the L and N connections per the installation manual. Applicability: confirmed; Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25; documented exact models STP12-50, STP15-50, STP20-50, STP25-50; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; STP12-50–STP25-50; firmware 2.06.04.R or later; manual SMA Sunny Tripower X (STPxx-50) event messages. Remedies apply only to grouped records whose complete displayed code set appears in the STPxx-50 event manual. Mixed groups containing unsupported event numbers remain unconverted, and installed firmware must be checked against the stated minimum.
- 1302, Waiting for grid voltage: L or N is not connected (or an AC conductor is damaged), often simply a mains outage. Fix: If there's a power cut, it clears when supply returns. Otherwise check the AC main switch is on and the breaker hasn't tripped; if it persists, have an installer check the AC conductors. Applicability: confirmed; Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25; documented exact models STP12-50, STP15-50, STP20-50, STP25-50; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; STP12-50–STP25-50; firmware 2.06.04.R or later; manual SMA Sunny Tripower X (STPxx-50) event messages. Remedies apply only to grouped records whose complete displayed code set appears in the STPxx-50 event manual. Mixed groups containing unsupported event numbers remain unconverted, and installed firmware must be checked against the stated minimum.
- 1501, Reconnection fault (country dataset): A changed country dataset or parameter value doesn't match local requirements. Fix: Your installer should verify the correct country standard is configured (the “Set country standard” parameter). Applicability: confirmed; Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25; documented exact models STP12-50, STP15-50, STP20-50, STP25-50; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; STP12-50–STP25-50; firmware 2.06.04.R or later; manual SMA Sunny Tripower X (STPxx-50) event messages. Remedies apply only to grouped records whose complete displayed code set appears in the STPxx-50 event manual. Mixed groups containing unsupported event numbers remain unconverted, and installed firmware must be checked against the stated minimum.
- 3301 · 3302 · 3303, Unstable operation (low DC): There isn't enough power at the DC input for stable operation. Fix: Often just low light, shading, or snow on the array. Check the panels are clear and the array is error-free; if it persists in good sun, contact your installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 3401 · 3402 · 3407, DC over-voltage: Over-voltage at the DC input. This can destroy the inverter. Fix: Switch off the DC isolator and contact your installer immediately. The DC input voltage is above the inverter's maximum. The string is likely sized too long and must be corrected by a professional before reconnection. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 3501, Insulation failure (ground fault): A ground fault / low insulation resistance detected on the DC (PV) side, safety-critical, and common in wet weather. Fix: An installer must check the PV array and DC cabling for ground faults. On some Sunny Boy models this latches. After the fault is repaired it's cleared via Sunny Portal (no more than once a day). Don't keep resetting it. Applicability: confirmed; Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25; documented exact models STP12-50, STP15-50, STP20-50, STP25-50; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; STP12-50–STP25-50; firmware 2.06.04.R or later; manual SMA Sunny Tripower X (STPxx-50) event messages. Remedies apply only to grouped records whose complete displayed code set appears in the STPxx-50 event manual. Mixed groups containing unsupported event numbers remain unconverted, and installed firmware must be checked against the stated minimum.
- 3701, Residual current too high: The inverter detected an excessive residual (earth-leakage) current, an electric-shock hazard. Fix: An installer must check the PV array and DC cabling for ground faults. Like 3501 it can latch and is cleared via Sunny Portal after repair (max once per day). Treat it as safety-critical. Applicability: confirmed; Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25; documented exact models STP12-50, STP15-50, STP20-50, STP25-50; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; STP12-50–STP25-50; firmware 2.06.04.R or later; manual SMA Sunny Tripower X (STPxx-50) event messages. Remedies apply only to grouped records whose complete displayed code set appears in the STPxx-50 event manual. Mixed groups containing unsupported event numbers remain unconverted, and installed firmware must be checked against the stated minimum.
- 3801 · 3802 · 3805, DC over-current: Over-current at the DC input; the inverter briefly interrupts feed-in. Fix: If it's frequent, have your installer verify the PV array is correctly rated and wired (and check for a short circuit). Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 3901 · 3902, Waiting for DC start conditions: The conditions for feeding into the grid aren't yet met, typically insufficient irradiation. Fix: Normal early/late in the day. Make sure the array isn't covered or shaded; if it persists in good sun, contact your installer. Applicability: confirmed; Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25; documented exact models STP12-50, STP15-50, STP20-50, STP25-50; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; STP12-50–STP25-50; firmware 2.06.04.R or later; manual SMA Sunny Tripower X (STPxx-50) event messages. Remedies apply only to grouped records whose complete displayed code set appears in the STPxx-50 event manual. Mixed groups containing unsupported event numbers remain unconverted, and installed firmware must be checked against the stated minimum.
- 6501 · 6502 · 6509, Over-temperature: The inverter has switched off (or derated) due to excessive temperature. Fix: Clear dust from the cooling fins and air ducts, ensure good ventilation, and keep the ambient temperature within limits (and the unit out of direct sun). If it persists, contact your installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 6512, Minimum operating temperature not reached: It's too cold. The inverter only resumes feed-in once the temperature reaches at least −25 °C. Fix: No action needed; it resumes automatically as the temperature rises. Applicability: confirmed; Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25; documented exact models STP12-50, STP15-50, STP20-50, STP25-50; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; STP12-50–STP25-50; firmware 2.06.04.R or later; manual SMA Sunny Tripower X (STPxx-50) event messages. Remedies apply only to grouped records whose complete displayed code set appears in the STPxx-50 event manual. Mixed groups containing unsupported event numbers remain unconverted, and installed firmware must be checked against the stated minimum.
- 7500 · 7501, Fan fault: A cooling fan is not functioning properly. Fix: Check the fan area for blockage. If the fan is faulty it needs service. Contact your installer or SMA Service. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 7701 · 7702 · 7703, Grid relay defect: The grid disconnection relay is defective or failed its test. Fix: A hardware fault. Contact SMA Service or your installer. If shown only occasionally, note whether it recurs. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 8003, Power reduced: temperature: The inverter has reduced output for more than ten minutes because of excessive temperature. Fix: Clean the cooling fins and air ducts, ensure adequate ventilation, and keep the ambient temperature within the rated limit. If it recurs, contact your installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 9002, Grid Guard code invalid: The SMA Grid Guard code entered is incorrect, so the protected operating parameters stay locked. Fix: An installer-level message. Enter the correct SMA Grid Guard code. Not something a homeowner needs to action. Applicability: confirmed; Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25; documented exact models STP12-50, STP15-50, STP20-50, STP25-50; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; STP12-50–STP25-50; firmware 2.06.04.R or later; manual SMA Sunny Tripower X (STPxx-50) event messages. Remedies apply only to grouped records whose complete displayed code set appears in the STPxx-50 event manual. Mixed groups containing unsupported event numbers remain unconverted, and installed firmware must be checked against the stated minimum.
- 9003, Grid parameters locked: Changes to the grid parameters are now blocked (they require the Grid Guard code). Fix: Informational. To change protected parameters, an installer logs in with the Grid Guard code. Applicability: confirmed; Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25; documented exact models STP12-50, STP15-50, STP20-50, STP25-50; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; STP12-50–STP25-50; firmware 2.06.04.R or later; manual SMA Sunny Tripower X (STPxx-50) event messages. Remedies apply only to grouped records whose complete displayed code set appears in the STPxx-50 event manual. Mixed groups containing unsupported event numbers remain unconverted, and installed firmware must be checked against the stated minimum.
- 9007, Self-test aborted: The inverter's self-test was terminated. Fix: Check the AC connection is correct and restart the self-test. If it keeps aborting, contact your installer. Applicability: confirmed; Sunny Tripower X 12/15/20/25; documented exact models STP12-50, STP15-50, STP20-50, STP25-50; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Australia; STP12-50–STP25-50; firmware 2.06.04.R or later; manual SMA Sunny Tripower X (STPxx-50) event messages. Remedies apply only to grouped records whose complete displayed code set appears in the STPxx-50 event manual. Mixed groups containing unsupported event numbers remain unconverted, and installed firmware must be checked against the stated minimum.

---

## Sungrow: fault codes
Source: https://wattbench.ai/sungrow-alarm-codes

A reference compiled by Wattbench from publicly available Sungrow inverter documentation. Source-linked homeowner and installer remedies are reviewed for the current Australian SH5T–SH25T three-phase hybrid family only. The wider library preserves string-inverter, earlier SH/RT/RS, battery and BDC codes as searchable reference; those entries do not inherit current-T applicability unless a remedy names the current-T manual. Codes that share a single cause and remedy are grouped. Every individual code number is still listed and searchable. Safety note: owners should stop at recording the code, app status and safely visible conditions. DC/AC isolation, electrical measurements, protection settings, wiring and opening equipment are licensed-worker tasks. Any shutdown or restart must follow the exact model and site procedure; this library is not a switching sequence.

- 002, Grid over-voltage: The grid voltage exceeds the protective value. Fix: Check the grid voltage. If it exceeds the permissible range, contact the utility company; otherwise contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 003, Transient over-voltage: The grid transient voltage exceeds the inverter's allowable upper limit. Fix: Wait a moment for the inverter to recover. If the fault persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 004, Grid under-voltage: The grid voltage is below the protective value. Fix: Check the grid voltage. If it is outside the permissible range, contact the utility company; otherwise contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 005, Grid under-voltage (lower threshold): The grid voltage is below the protective value, lower than the threshold for code 004. Fix: This is a short-term fault due to grid conditions. Wait a moment for the inverter to recover. If the fault persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 006, AC over-current: The AC output current exceeds the inverter's allowable upper limit. Fix: The inverter resumes once the output current falls below the protection value. If the fault persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 007, Transient AC over-current: A transient AC over-current was detected. Fix: The inverter self-recovers after a few seconds. If the fault persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 008, Grid over-frequency: The grid frequency exceeds the protective value. Fix: Check the grid frequency. If it exceeds the permissible range, contact the utility company; otherwise contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 009, Grid under-frequency: The grid frequency is below the protective value. Fix: Check the grid frequency. If it is outside the permissible range, contact the utility company; otherwise contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 010, Grid failure (islanding): A grid failure or islanding condition was detected. Fix: Check the AC circuit breaker status, AC cable connections, and grid service status. If all are OK, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 011, DC injection over-current: The DC current injected into the AC output exceeds the upper limit. Fix: Wait a moment for the inverter to recover. If the fault occurs repeatedly, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 012, Leakage current over-current: The leakage current exceeds the inverter's allowable upper limit. Fix: Check the PV strings for ground faults. If the fault repeats, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 013, Grid abnormal: The grid voltage or frequency is outside the permissible range, so the inverter cannot connect to the grid. Fix: The inverter generally reconnects after the grid recovers. If it occurs frequently, measure the grid parameters and contact the utility company or Sungrow. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 014, 10-minute grid over-voltage: The average grid voltage over 10 minutes exceeds the permissible range. Fix: Verify the country code, check the grid voltage against the permissible range, and contact the utility company if needed. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 015, Grid over-voltage (higher threshold): The grid voltage exceeds the protective value, higher than the threshold for code 002. Fix: Check the AC cable model and verify the grid voltage. Contact the utility company if needed, or Sungrow. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 016, High bus voltage / power: The bus voltage or power is high. Fix: Wait a moment for the inverter to recover. If the fault occurs repeatedly, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 017, Grid voltage unbalance: Unbalanced three-phase grid voltage was detected. Fix: Measure the grid voltage; if it is unbalanced, contact the utility company. If it is within range, you can modify the parameter settings via the app. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 019, Bus transient over-voltage: The transient bus voltage exceeds the inverter's allowable upper limit. Fix: Wait a moment for the inverter to recover. If the fault occurs repeatedly, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 020, Bus over-voltage: The bus voltage exceeds the inverter's allowable upper limit. Fix: Wait a moment for the inverter to recover. If the fault occurs repeatedly, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 021, PV1 input over-current: The PV1 input over-current limit was exceeded. Fix: Check the PV1 input layout and wiring. Contact your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 022, PV2 input over-current: The PV2 input over-current limit was exceeded. Fix: Check the PV2 input layout and wiring. Contact your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 024, Neutral point voltage imbalance: The deviation of the neutral point voltage exceeds the allowable limit. Fix: The inverter recovers once the deviation falls below the protective limit. Wait a moment for recovery or restart the system. If the fault persists, contact your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 024–025 · 030–034 · 040–042 · 050 · 060 · 076 · 116–117, Device abnormal: An internal device abnormality was detected. (Sungrow groups these codes under a single remedy.) Fix: Wait for the inverter to recover. Disconnect the AC and DC switches or circuit breakers, then reconnect them after 15 minutes. If the alarm persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 028, PV1 reverse connection: PV1 is connected with reversed polarity. Fix: Check the PV1 cable connections. Contact your solar installer. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 029, PV2 reverse connection: PV2 is connected with reversed polarity. Fix: Check the PV2 cable connections. Contact your solar installer. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 036, Radiator over-temperature: The radiator (heat sink) temperature is too high. Fix: Check the ambient temperature, ensure adequate ventilation space, avoid direct sunlight, verify the fan operates, and clean the air inlets. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 037, Internal inverter over-temperature: The internal temperature of the inverter is too high. Fix: Check the ambient temperature, ensure adequate ventilation space, avoid direct sunlight, verify the fan operates, and clean the air inlets. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 038, Grid-side relay fault: A relay fault on the grid side was detected. Fix: Wait a moment for the inverter to recover. If the fault occurs repeatedly, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 039, Low PV-to-earth insulation resistance: The insulation resistance of the PV array to earth is low. Fix: Check the inverter grounding line and verify there are no PV string short-circuits to ground. Contact your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 041, Leakage current sampling fault: The leakage-current sampling circuit faulted. Fix: Wait a moment for the inverter to recover. If the fault occurs repeatedly, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 043, Inner under-temperature fault: The ambient temperature inside the inverter is too low. Fix: The inverter recovers once the ambient temperature rises above −25 °C. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 044, Inverter self-test fault: The inverter self-test failed. Fix: Wait a moment for the inverter to recover. If the fault occurs repeatedly, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 045, PV1 boost circuit fault: A fault was detected in the PV1 boost circuit. Fix: Wait a moment for the inverter to recover. If the fault occurs repeatedly, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 046, PV2 boost circuit fault: A fault was detected in the PV2 boost circuit. Fix: Wait a moment for the inverter to recover. If the fault occurs repeatedly, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 047, PV inputs error: The PV inputs order is incorrect. Fix: Stop and disconnect the inverter. Contact your solar installer to reset the PV inputs order. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 048, Phase current sampling fault: The phase-current sampling circuit faulted. Fix: Wait a moment for the inverter to recover. If the fault occurs repeatedly, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 051, Load over-power (off-grid mode): The load power exceeds the limit in off-grid mode. Fix: If it persists, contact your installer and disconnect non-essential loads. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 052, INV under-voltage (off-grid mode): Inverter under-voltage fault in off-grid mode. Fix: Wait 5 minutes for recovery, or restart the system. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 053, Slave DSP grid over-voltage detection: The slave DSP detected that the grid voltage exceeds the inverter's allowable upper limit. Fix: Check the grid voltage. Contact the utility company if it exceeds the range, otherwise Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 054, Slave DSP grid over-frequency detection: The slave DSP detected that the grid frequency exceeds the inverter's allowable upper limit. Fix: Check the grid frequency. Contact the utility company if it exceeds the range, otherwise Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 056, Slave DSP leakage current detection: The slave DSP detected that the leakage current exceeds the inverter's allowable upper limit. Fix: Check for PV string ground faults. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it repeats. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 059, Master–slave DSP communication alarm: A communication alarm between the master and slave DSP. Fix: Wait 1 minute for the inverter to recover. If the fault persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 061, No inverter model setting: No inverter model has been set. Fix: Contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 062, STB5K backup box DI fault: A DI fault of the STB5K backup box. Fix: Check the DI connection between the inverter and the backup box. Wait 5 minutes for recovery. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 063, CPLD version undetectable: The version of the CPLD (complex programmable logic device) cannot be detected. Fix: Power off the system and program the CPLD. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 064, INV over-voltage (off-grid mode): Inverter over-voltage fault in off-grid mode. Fix: Wait 5 minutes for recovery, or restart the system. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 065, INV under-frequency (off-grid mode): Inverter under-frequency fault in off-grid mode (default value 47 Hz). Fix: Wait 5 minutes for recovery, or restart the system. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 066, INV over-frequency (off-grid mode): Inverter over-frequency fault in off-grid mode (default value 52 Hz). Fix: Wait 5 minutes for recovery, or restart the system. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 067, Temporary grid over-voltage (off-grid mode): A temporary grid over-voltage in off-grid mode. Fix: Wait 5 minutes for recovery, or restart the system. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 070, Defective fans: The fans are defective (−D series only). Fix: Stop the inverter and disconnect the cables. Check for a blocked fan duct, and replace the fans if necessary. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 071, SPD alarm: AC: An AC surge protection device (SPD) alarm. Fix: Check the SPD and replace it if necessary. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 072, SPD alarm: DC: A DC surge protection device (SPD) alarm. Fix: Check the SPD and replace it if necessary. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 075, Parallel inverter RS485 communication error: An RS485 communication error between two inverters in parallel. Fix: Check the RS485 cable connection and the parallel settings in the LCD menu. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 078–079, PV string abnormal: A PV string is abnormal. Fix: Check whether the string needs to be connected, verify a reliable connection, and check the DC fuse status. Contact your installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 083, Fan 2 abnormal speed warning: Fan 2 is running at an abnormal speed. Fix: Check whether the fan is blocked. Restart the system. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 084, Energy Meter reverse cable connection: The Energy Meter cable connection is reversed. Fix: Check the power-cable polarity, verify the “Existing Inverter” setting, and check the CT clamp placement for a single-phase sensor. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 085, Mismatched software version: The software versions do not match. Fix: Contact Sungrow. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 087, AFCI abnormal: The arc-fault detection (AFCI) module is abnormal. Fix: The inverter can operate normally. Check whether the related cable connections and terminals are abnormal, and whether the ambient environment is abnormal; take corrective measures if so. If the alarm persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 088, Arc fault: A DC arc fault was detected. Fix: Disconnect the DC inputs and check the cables for damage, the terminal connections, the fuses, and for burnt modules. Reconnect and clear the alarm via the app. Contact your installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 089, AFCI function disabled: The AFCI function is disabled. Fix: Enable the AFCI function via the app and the inverter will recover. If the alarm persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 100, AC output over-current: The AC output current exceeds the upper limit. Fix: The inverter resumes once the output current falls below the protection value. If the fault persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 101, Grid over-frequency (higher threshold): The grid frequency exceeds the protective value, higher than the threshold for code 008. Fix: Check the grid frequency. Contact the utility company if it exceeds the range, otherwise Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 102, Grid under-frequency (lower threshold): The grid frequency is below the protective value, lower than the threshold for code 009. Fix: Check the grid frequency. Contact the utility company if it exceeds the range, otherwise Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 105, SPI auto-test fault (Italy only): The SPI auto-test failed (Italy only). Fix: Restart the system and re-run the auto-test if necessary. If the fault persists, contact Sungrow for a solution. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 106, Abnormal grounding: Neither the PE terminal on the AC connection block nor the second PE terminal on the enclosure is reliably connected. Fix: Check the inverter grounding line and the ground access. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 107, DC injection over-voltage (off-grid mode): The DC injection of the inverter voltage exceeds the upper limit, in off-grid mode. Fix: The inverter recovers once the DC injection voltage falls below the recovery value. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 113, Temporary bypass over-current: A temporary over-current on the bypass path. Fix: Check the BACKUP-port load power against the upper limit. Wait for recovery or restart. Contact Sungrow if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 200, Bus hardware over-voltage: The bus voltage exceeds the hardware protective value. Fix: Wait for the inverter to recover once the bus voltage drops. If the fault occurs repeatedly, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 201, Bus voltage too low: The bus voltage is too low. Fix: Wait a moment for the inverter to recover. If the fault occurs repeatedly, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 202, PV hardware over-current: The PV1 or PV2 current exceeds the hardware protective value. Fix: Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it repeats. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 203, PV input voltage exceeds bus voltage: The PV input voltage exceeds the bus voltage. Fix: Check the PV connection terminal functionality. Contact your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 204, PV1 boost short-circuit fault: A short-circuit fault in the PV1 boost stage. Fix: The inverter may be damaged. Contact Sungrow for a solution. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 205, PV2 boost short-circuit fault: A short-circuit fault in the PV2 boost stage. Fix: The inverter may be damaged. Contact Sungrow for a solution. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 300, INV over-temperature: Inverter over-temperature fault. Fix: Check and clean the heat sink, verify the inverter is not in direct sunlight and the ambient temperature is below 45–60 °C, then restart. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 302, PV insulation resistance fault: Low PV insulation resistance. Fix: Check the PV cable connection integrity. Wait for a sunny day to test. Contact your installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 303, Bypass relay fault: A fault in the bypass relay. Fix: Wait 5 minutes for the inverter to recover, or restart the system. If the error persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 304, Off-grid relay fault: A fault in the off-grid relay. Fix: Wait 5 minutes for the inverter to recover, or restart the system. If the error persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 306, Input and output power mismatch: The input and output power do not match. Fix: Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it repeats. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 308, Slave DSP redundant fault: A redundancy fault on the slave DSP. Fix: Restart the system. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 309, Phase voltage sampling fault: The phase-voltage sampling circuit faulted. Fix: Restart the system. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 312, DC injection sampling fault: The DC-injection sampling circuit faulted. Fix: Restart the system. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 315, PV1 current sampling fault: The PV1 current-sampling channel is anomalous. Fix: Contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 316, PV2 current sampling fault: The PV2 current-sampling channel is anomalous. Fix: Contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 317, PV1 MPPT current sampling fault: The PV1 MPPT current-sampling circuit faulted. Fix: Restart the system. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 318, PV2 MPPT current sampling fault: The PV2 MPPT current-sampling circuit faulted. Fix: Restart the system. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 319, System power supply failure: A failure of the system power supply. Fix: Restart the system. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 320, Leakage current sensor fault: A fault in the leakage-current sensor. Fix: Contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 321, SPI communication failure: Communication faults between the master DSP and the slave DSP. Fix: Restart the system. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 322, Master DSP communication fault: A communication fault on the master DSP. Fix: Restart the system. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 401–408, Permanent faults: A permanent fault was recorded. (Sungrow groups these codes under a single remedy.) Fix: Restart the system. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 409, All temperature sensors fail: All temperature sensors have failed. Fix: Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it repeats. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 501, FRAM1 reading warning: An external-memory read/write warning (FRAM1). Fix: The inverter can still connect to the grid. Restart the system. If the fault persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 503, Ambient temp sensor open-circuit: Ambient temperature sensor open-circuit warning. Fix: Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it repeats. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 504, Ambient temp sensor short-circuit: Ambient temperature sensor short-circuit warning. Fix: Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it repeats. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 505, Radiator temp sensor open-circuit: Radiator temperature sensor open-circuit warning. Fix: Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it repeats. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 506, Radiator temp sensor short-circuit: Radiator temperature sensor short-circuit warning. Fix: Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it repeats. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 507, DO power settings error: An error in the DO (digital output) power settings. Fix: Modify the DO control power according to the load power. See “Optimised Control” in the user manual. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 509, Clock reset fault: The clock has been reset. Fix: Manually reset the clock, or synchronise with network time, to clear the fault. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 510, PV over-voltage fault: The PV voltage exceeds the permissible range. Fix: Contact your installer to verify the PV array configuration is within the permissible range. Wait for recovery or restart. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 511, Ambient temp sensor open-circuit: Ambient temperature sensor open-circuit warning. Fix: Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it repeats. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 513, Fan 1 abnormal speed warning: Fan 1 is running at an abnormal speed. Fix: Check whether the fan is blocked. Restart the system. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 514, Energy Meter communication warning: Abnormal Energy Meter communication (the inverter can still connect to the grid). Fix: Check the meter power-cable connections and the RS485 connection. Contact your installer if it persists. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 532–535, String reverse connection: A PV string is connected with reversed polarity. Fix: Check the string polarity; adjust only when solar radiation is low and the string current is below 0.5 A. Contact Sungrow if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 548–551, Abnormal PV string current: A PV string current is abnormal. Fix: Check for shaded PV modules; remove shade and clean them. Check for abnormal module aging. Contact Sungrow if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 622, Leakage current sampling fault: The leakage-current sampling circuit faulted. Fix: Wait a moment for the inverter to recover. If the fault occurs repeatedly, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 600, Temporary BDC charging over-current: A temporary over-current during battery (BDC) charging. Fix: Wait for the system to recover, or restart. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 601, Temporary BDC discharging over-current: A temporary over-current during battery (BDC) discharging. Fix: Wait for the system to recover, or restart. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 602, Clamping capacitor under-voltage: The clamping-capacitor voltage is too low. Fix: Check the battery cable connection. Wait for recovery or restart. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 603, Temporary clamping capacitor over-voltage: A temporary clamping-capacitor over-voltage. Fix: Wait for the system to recover, or restart. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 608, BDC circuit self-check fault: The battery (BDC) circuit self-check failed. Fix: Wait for the system to recover, or restart. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 612, BDC over-temperature: The battery (BDC) stage is over temperature. Fix: Check and clean the heat sink, verify the location is not in sunlight and the ambient temperature is below 45 °C, then restart. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 616, BDC hardware over-current: The battery (BDC) hardware over-current limit was exceeded. Fix: The system resumes once the battery charge/discharge current falls below the upper limit, or restart the system. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 620, BDC current sampling fault: The battery (BDC) current-sampling circuit faulted. Fix: Wait for the system to recover, or restart. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 623, Slave DSP communication fault: A slave DSP communication fault. Fix: Wait for the system to recover, or restart. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 624, BDC soft-start fault: The battery (BDC) soft-start failed. Fix: Wait for the system to recover, or restart. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 703, Battery average under-voltage: The average battery voltage is too low. Fix: The inverter can still connect to the grid but charge/discharge has stopped. Wait a moment for recovery or restart the system. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 707, Battery over-temperature: The battery is over temperature. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected but charge/discharge has stopped. Check the battery's ambient temperature. Wait for recovery or restart. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 708, Battery under-temperature: The battery is under temperature. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected but charge/discharge has stopped. Check the battery's ambient temperature. Wait for recovery or restart. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 711, Instantaneous battery over-voltage: An instantaneous battery over-voltage. Fix: The inverter can still connect to the grid but charge/discharge has stopped. Wait a moment for recovery or restart the system. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 712, Battery average over-voltage: The average battery voltage is too high. Fix: The inverter can still connect to the grid but charge/discharge has stopped. Wait a moment for recovery or restart the system. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 714, Abnormal battery–inverter communication: Abnormal communication between the battery and the hybrid inverter. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected but charge/discharge has stopped. Check the battery type and communication connection; set the battery type for lead-acid if applicable. Restart if needed. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 715, Battery hardware over-voltage: The battery hardware over-voltage limit was exceeded. Fix: The inverter can still connect to the grid but charge/discharge has stopped. Wait a moment for recovery or restart the system. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 732, Battery over-voltage protection: Battery over-voltage protection has triggered. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected. Charging has stopped but discharging is allowed. Wait a moment for recovery. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 733, Battery over-temperature protection: Battery over-temperature protection has triggered. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected but charge/discharge has stopped. Check the battery's ambient temperature. Wait for recovery or restart. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 734, Battery under-temperature protection: Battery under-temperature protection has triggered. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected but charge/discharge has stopped. Check the battery's ambient temperature. Wait for recovery or restart. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 735, Battery charge/discharge over-current protection: Battery charging/discharging over-current protection has triggered. Fix: The inverter can still connect to the grid but charge/discharge has stopped. Wait a moment for recovery or restart the system. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 739, Battery under-voltage protection: Battery under-voltage protection has triggered. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected. Discharging has stopped but charging is allowed. Wait a moment for recovery. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 800 · 802 · 804 · 807, BDC internal permanent fault: An internal permanent fault in the battery (BDC) stage. (Sungrow groups these codes under a single remedy.) Fix: Restart the system. Contact Sungrow if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 832, Battery FET fault: A battery FET fault or electrical switch failure. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected but charge/discharge has stopped. Check the battery port voltage and cable connection. Force-shutdown and restart the system. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 834, Battery over-current permanent fault: A battery charging/discharging over-current permanent fault. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected but charge/discharge has stopped. Check the battery port voltage and cable connection. Force-shutdown and restart the system. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 836, ID competing failure: An ID-competing failure. Fix: Restart the system. Contact Sungrow if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 839, Mismatched software version: The software versions do not match. Fix: Contact Sungrow for a solution. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 844, Software self-verifying failure: The software self-verification failed. Fix: Restart the system. Contact Sungrow if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 864, Battery cell over-voltage: A battery cell over-voltage fault. Fix: The inverter can still connect to the grid but charge/discharge has stopped. Wait a moment for recovery or restart the system. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 866, Battery pre-charge voltage fault: A battery pre-charge voltage fault. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected but charge/discharge has stopped. Check the battery port voltage and cable connection. Force-shutdown and restart the system. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 867, Battery under-voltage fault: A battery under-voltage fault. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected but charge/discharge has stopped. Check the battery port voltage and cable connection. Force-shutdown and restart the system. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 868, Battery cell voltage imbalance: A battery cell voltage imbalance fault. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected but charge/discharge has stopped. Check the battery port voltage and cable connection. Force-shutdown and restart the system. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 870, Battery cable connection fault: A battery cable connection fault. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected but charge/discharge has stopped. Check the battery port voltage and cable connection. Force-shutdown and restart the system. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 900 · 901, BDC temperature sensor warning: A battery (BDC) temperature-sensor warning. (Sungrow groups these codes under a single remedy.) Fix: Check and clean the heat sink, verify the location is not in sunlight and the ambient temperature is below 45 °C, then restart. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 906, Transformer direction recognition error: The transformer direction was recognised incorrectly. Fix: The inverter can still connect to the grid but charge/discharge has stopped. Wait a moment for recovery or restart the system. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 909, Low SOH (State of Health) warning: The battery's State of Health is low. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected and charge/discharge is normal. The battery is beyond the scope of the warranty. It is recommended to contact the distributor for replacement. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 910, FRAM2 warning: A FRAM2 memory warning. Fix: Restart the inverter. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 932, Battery over-voltage warning: A battery over-voltage warning. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected. Charging has stopped but discharging is allowed. The system resumes after some discharging. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 933, Battery over-temperature warning: A battery over-temperature warning. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected but charge/discharge has stopped. Check the battery's ambient temperature. Wait for recovery or restart. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 934, Battery under-temperature warning: A battery under-temperature warning. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected but charge/discharge has stopped. Check the battery's ambient temperature. Wait for recovery or restart. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 935, Battery charge/discharge over-current warning: A battery charging/discharging over-current warning. Fix: The inverter can still connect to the grid but charge/discharge has stopped. Wait a moment for recovery or restart the system. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 937, Battery tray voltage imbalance warning: A battery tray voltage imbalance warning. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected and charge/discharge is normal. Check whether the battery cable connection is correct. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 939, Battery under-voltage warning: A battery under-voltage warning. Fix: The inverter stays grid-connected. Discharging has stopped but charging is allowed. The system resumes after some charging. Applicability: confirmed; SH5T–SH25T; documented exact models SH5T, SH6T, SH8T, SH10T, SH12T, SH15T, SH20T, SH25T; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sungrow SH5T/6T/8T/10T/12T/15T/20T/25T three-phase hybrid inverter user manual, version 17 (2025-04) (Version 17 (2025-04)). Alarm remedies apply only where the code cites this T-family manual. They do not apply to the separate parenthesised SH aliases, earlier RT/RS families or unreviewed generic system-fault rows; installed firmware still requires confirmation.
- 964, Battery internal warning: An internal battery warning. Fix: Consult the battery manufacturer for a solution. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 001 (SH), Grid over-voltage: SH hybrid series: grid over-voltage. Fix: The inverter reconnects after the grid recovers. If frequent, measure the grid voltage and contact the utility company or Sungrow. Verify the protection parameters and AC cable cross-section. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 002 (SH), Grid under-voltage: SH hybrid series: grid under-voltage. Fix: Generally reconnects after the grid recovers. If frequent, measure the grid voltage and contact the utility company. Verify the protection parameters and AC cable connections. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 003 (SH), Grid over-frequency: SH hybrid series: grid over-frequency. Fix: Generally reconnects after recovery. If frequent, measure the grid frequency and contact the utility company. Verify the protection parameters. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 004 (SH), Grid under-frequency: SH hybrid series: grid under-frequency. Fix: Generally reconnects after recovery. If frequent, measure the grid frequency and contact the utility company. Verify the protection parameters. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 005 (SH), No grid: SH hybrid series: no grid detected. Fix: Check the grid power supply reliability, AC cable connections, live/neutral wire placement, and AC switch status. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 006 (SH), Over-high leakage current: SH hybrid series: leakage current too high. Fix: Can be caused by poor sunlight or a damp environment. The inverter reconnects after conditions improve. If the environment is normal, check that the AC and DC cables are well insulated. If the alarm persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 007 (SH), Grid abnormal: SH hybrid series: grid abnormal. Fix: Generally reconnects after recovery. If frequent, measure the grid frequency and contact the utility company. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 008 (SH), Grid voltage unbalance: SH hybrid series: unbalanced grid voltage. Fix: Generally reconnects after recovery. If frequent, measure the grid voltage; if unbalanced, contact the utility company. Modify the settings via the app if within the permissible range. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 009 (SH), PV reverse connection fault: SH hybrid series: PV reverse connection fault. Fix: Check the string polarity; adjust only when solar radiation is low and string current is below 0.5 A. Verify that strings on the same MPPT have the same module count. Contact Sungrow if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 010 (SH), PV reverse connection alarm: SH hybrid series: PV reverse connection alarm. Fix: Check the string polarity; adjust only when solar radiation is low and string current is below 0.5 A. Verify that strings on the same MPPT have the same module count. Contact Sungrow if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 011 (SH), PV abnormal alarm: SH hybrid series: PV abnormal alarm. Fix: Check for shaded PV modules; remove shade and clean them. Check for abnormal module aging. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 012 (SH), High ambient temperature: SH hybrid series: high ambient temperature. Fix: Avoid direct sunlight; clean the air ducts; check for a fan alarm via the app and replace the fan if needed. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 013 (SH), Low ambient temperature: SH hybrid series: low ambient temperature. Fix: Stop and disconnect the inverter. Restart it when the ambient temperature is within the permissible range. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 014 (SH), Low ISO resistance: SH hybrid series: low insulation (ISO) resistance. Fix: Wait for recovery. Verify the protection value via the app complies with regulations. Check the PV cable insulation. Clear any water/vegetation on site. Contact Sungrow if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 015 (SH), Grounding cable fault: SH hybrid series: grounding cable fault. Fix: Check the AC cable connections. Verify the grounding-cable wire-core insulation. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 016 (SH), Arc fault: SH hybrid series: DC arc fault. Fix: Disconnect the DC inputs and check the cables for damage, terminal connections, fuses, and burnt modules. Reconnect and clear via the app. Contact your installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 017 (SH), Off-grid load over-power: SH hybrid series: off-grid load over-power. Fix: Reduce the power of loads connected at the off-grid port, or remove some loads. If the alarm persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 018 (SH), Reverse Smart Energy Meter connection: SH hybrid series: Smart Energy Meter connected in reverse. Fix: Check the meter polarity against the cable-port markings and correct it if needed. Verify the meter is connected at the grid connection point. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 019 (SH), Smart Energy Meter communication error: SH hybrid series: Smart Energy Meter communication error. Fix: Check the meter communication cable and terminals for abnormality, and reconnect the communication cable. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 020 (SH), Grid confrontation: SH hybrid series: grid confrontation. Fix: Check whether the AC output port is connected to the actual grid; if so, disconnect it. If the alarm persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 021 (SH), Parallel communication alarm: SH hybrid series: parallel communication alarm. Fix: Check the communication cable and terminal connections for abnormality, and reinstall the communication cable. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 022 (SH), BMS communication error: SH hybrid series: battery management system (BMS) communication error. Fix: Check the communication cable and terminal connections for abnormality, and reinstall the communication cable. Contact Sungrow or your solar installer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 023 (SH), Battery polarity reversed: SH hybrid series: battery polarity reversed. Fix: Check the battery polarity is correct and correct it if necessary. If the alarm persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 024 (SH), Battery alarm: SH hybrid series: battery alarm. Fix: The battery generally recovers automatically. If persistent, address ambient-temperature issues or contact the battery manufacturer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 025 (SH), Battery abnormal: SH hybrid series: battery abnormal. Fix: If the voltage is abnormal, check the battery's real-time voltage and contact the manufacturer or Sungrow. For temperature issues, improve heat dissipation. Contact the manufacturer if it persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 063 (SH), System alarm: SH hybrid series: system alarm. Fix: The inverter can operate normally. Check whether the related cable connections and terminals are abnormal, and whether the ambient environment is abnormal; take corrective measures if so. If the alarm persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 064 (SH), System fault: SH hybrid series: system fault. Fix: Wait for the inverter to recover. Disconnect the AC and DC switches or circuit breakers, then reconnect them after 15 minutes. If the alarm persists, contact Sungrow or your solar installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.

---

## Growatt: fault codes
Source: https://wattbench.ai/growatt-error-codes

This guide separates current MOD 3–10KTL3-XH evidence from legacy 1000–5000 TL / 2500–5000 MTL vocabulary. Reviewed remedies are attached only to the numbered MOD XH entries recovered in Growatt's official current manual, including warning 205, which the manual identifies as PV boost driver abnormal. Legacy codes and legacy named aliases remain remedy-blank because their service bulletin is available only through a secondary mirror. Australian and global Growatt pages both list the MOD family, but the installed Australian variant and firmware range are not established by the manual metadata. Safety note: owners should record the code and contact their installer. Isolation, measurements, wiring, parameter changes and internal repairs are licensed-worker tasks.

- 100, Reference-voltage fault: Legacy TL/MTL family: the inverter detected an internal reference-voltage fault. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 101, CPU communication fault: Legacy TL/MTL family: communication between the inverter's internal processors failed. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 102, Processor data mismatch: Legacy TL/MTL family: the data reported by the two internal processors is inconsistent. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 116, EEPROM fault: Legacy TL/MTL family: the inverter reported an internal memory fault. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 117, Relay-circuit fault: Legacy TL/MTL family: the inverter detected an abnormality in its internal relay circuit. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 118, Initialisation / model fault: Legacy TL/MTL family: the inverter did not initialise with a valid model configuration. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 119, GFCI device fault: Legacy TL/MTL family: the inverter detected an internal ground-fault monitoring device fault. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 120, Current-sensor fault: Legacy TL/MTL family: the inverter detected an internal current-sensor fault. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 121, CPU communication loss: Legacy TL/MTL family: the main processor did not receive data from the secondary processor. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 122, Bus-voltage fault: Legacy TL/MTL family: the inverter's internal DC bus voltage is outside its expected range. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 201 · Residual I High, Residual current high: MOD XH: the inverter detected excessive leakage current. Legacy TL/MTL units can display the named message Residual I High for the same class of protection event. Fix: The installer should inspect PV insulation and earthing in accordance with the exact model manual. Owners should record when it occurs, especially whether it follows rain, and arrange service if it repeats. Applicability: family-level; MOD 3–10KTL3-XH; exact model list not documented; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Growatt MOD 3–10KTL3-XH user manual, May 2024. The numbered MOD XH entries only, including warning 205 as PV boost driver abnormal. Exact models, legacy TL/MTL aliases, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- 202 · PV Voltage High, PV input voltage too high: The PV input voltage exceeded the inverter's permitted limit. Fix: Do not operate DC equipment. A licensed installer must verify the string design and measured open-circuit voltage against the exact inverter limit. Applicability: family-level; MOD 3–10KTL3-XH; exact model list not documented; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Growatt MOD 3–10KTL3-XH user manual, May 2024. The numbered MOD XH entries only, including warning 205 as PV boost driver abnormal. Exact models, legacy TL/MTL aliases, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- 203 · PV Isolation Low, PV insulation resistance low: The inverter measured low insulation resistance between the PV circuit and earth. Fix: Record whether the event follows wet weather and arrange a licensed inspection of the PV circuit. Do not repeatedly reset or isolate the system unless following the site shutdown procedure. Applicability: family-level; MOD 3–10KTL3-XH; exact model list not documented; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Growatt MOD 3–10KTL3-XH user manual, May 2024. The numbered MOD XH entries only, including warning 205 as PV boost driver abnormal. Exact models, legacy TL/MTL aliases, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- 205 · PV boost driver abnormal, PV boost driver abnormal: MOD XH warning 205: the inverter detected an abnormal condition in the PV boost driver. Fix: The official MOD XH manual directs one restart, followed by Growatt support if the warning remains. Do not infer an external PV-string repair from this internal warning. Applicability: family-level; MOD 3–10KTL3-XH; exact model list not documented; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Growatt MOD 3–10KTL3-XH user manual, May 2024. The numbered MOD XH entries only, including warning 205 as PV boost driver abnormal. Exact models, legacy TL/MTL aliases, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- 300 · AC V Outrange, Grid voltage out of range: MOD XH: the grid voltage is outside the configured operating range. Legacy TL/MTL units use the named AC V Outrange message. Fix: The installer should verify the measured grid voltage and protection settings against the approved connection requirements. If supply voltage is outside range, escalate to the network operator. Applicability: family-level; MOD 3–10KTL3-XH; exact model list not documented; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Growatt MOD 3–10KTL3-XH user manual, May 2024. The numbered MOD XH entries only, including warning 205 as PV boost driver abnormal. Exact models, legacy TL/MTL aliases, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- 302 · No AC Connection, No AC connection: The inverter cannot detect an acceptable grid connection. Fix: An owner can confirm whether the premises has grid power and record switch positions without operating them. If supply is present, a licensed installer should check the AC connection and protection devices. Applicability: family-level; MOD 3–10KTL3-XH; exact model list not documented; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Growatt MOD 3–10KTL3-XH user manual, May 2024. The numbered MOD XH entries only, including warning 205 as PV boost driver abnormal. Exact models, legacy TL/MTL aliases, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- 303, Neutral-to-earth abnormal: MOD XH: the inverter detected an abnormal neutral-to-earth condition (NE abnormal). This code is not labelled PE Abnormal in the reviewed MOD XH manual. Fix: A licensed electrician should inspect the neutral, protective-earth and AC connection. Do not continue resetting a recurring earthing-related fault. Applicability: family-level; MOD 3–10KTL3-XH; exact model list not documented; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Growatt MOD 3–10KTL3-XH user manual, May 2024. The numbered MOD XH entries only, including warning 205 as PV boost driver abnormal. Exact models, legacy TL/MTL aliases, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- 304 · AC F Outrange, Grid frequency out of range: MOD XH: the grid frequency is outside the configured operating range. Legacy TL/MTL units use the named AC F Outrange message. Fix: Usually clears when the supply returns to range. If it repeats, have the installer verify the event data and approved protection settings before network escalation. Applicability: family-level; MOD 3–10KTL3-XH; exact model list not documented; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Growatt MOD 3–10KTL3-XH user manual, May 2024. The numbered MOD XH entries only, including warning 205 as PV boost driver abnormal. Exact models, legacy TL/MTL aliases, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- 408 · Over Temperature, Over temperature: The inverter temperature exceeded its operating limit. Fix: Check only externally visible ventilation and shading conditions. If the event persists in normal conditions, contact the installer or Growatt; do not open the enclosure. Applicability: family-level; MOD 3–10KTL3-XH; exact model list not documented; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Growatt MOD 3–10KTL3-XH user manual, May 2024. The numbered MOD XH entries only, including warning 205 as PV boost driver abnormal. Exact models, legacy TL/MTL aliases, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- Output High DCI, Output DC injection high: Legacy TL/MTL family: the measured DC component of the AC output exceeded the permitted value. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Auto Test Failed, Auto-test failed: Legacy TL/MTL family: the automatic grid-protection test used for the Italy configuration did not pass. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.

---

## GoodWe: fault codes
Source: https://wattbench.ai/goodwe-error-codes

A reference compiled by Wattbench from GoodWe documentation and field sources. GoodWe shows faults as a numbered error code and/or a named fault depending on the model. On an LCD unit, short-press the front button and scroll to “Error”/“Fault”; on ET/EH/EHB hybrid units, check Alarms in the SolarGo app or the SEMS portal. Where a fault has both a number and a name, we list them together, and both are searchable. Safety note: earth, insulation and PV over-voltage faults need a licensed worker. An owner should record the alarm and keep clear of isolators, wiring and connectors while the responsible installer follows the exact product procedure.

- 1, SPI failure: An internal communication (SPI bus) failure inside the inverter. Fix: Restart the inverter (AC off, DC isolator off, wait 5 minutes, reverse). If it returns, it needs servicing. Contact your installer or GoodWe. Applicability: confirmed; ETC Series; documented exact models GW50K-ETC; Hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ETC Series User Manual V1.1 (official) (V1.1). The manual names GW50K-ETC and describes the ETC series as a hybrid bidirectional inverter. Exact installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 2, EEPROM R/W failure: A read/write failure on the inverter's memory chip. Fix: Restart the inverter. If the fault remains, it needs servicing. Contact your installer or GoodWe. Applicability: confirmed; ETC Series; documented exact models GW50K-ETC; Hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ETC Series User Manual V1.1 (official) (V1.1). The manual names GW50K-ETC and describes the ETC series as a hybrid bidirectional inverter. Exact installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 3 · Fac Failure, Grid frequency fault: The grid frequency is outside the inverter's permissible range. Fix: The inverter restarts automatically once the grid frequency returns to normal. If it's frequent, common when running off a generator, contact your network operator. Applicability: confirmed; ET Series / ET Plus Series; documented exact models GW5K-ET, GW6.5K-ET, GW8K-ET, GW10K-ET, GW5KL-ET, GW6KL-ET, GW8KL-ET, GW10KL-ET; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ET Series User Manual V1.1 (official) (V1.1). The manual names eight ET/ET Plus three-phase hybrid inverter models. Confirm the installed suffix, regional variant and current firmware before acting.
- 7 · 25, Relay check failure: The inverter's grid relay failed its self-check. Fix: Restart once. If it returns, the relay or power board needs replacement by a technician. Applicability: confirmed; ETC Series; documented exact models GW50K-ETC; Hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ETC Series User Manual V1.1 (official) (V1.1). The manual names GW50K-ETC and describes the ETC series as a hybrid bidirectional inverter. Exact installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 12, LCD communication failure: A communication error between the LCD/display and the master DSP. Fix: Restart the inverter. If it persists, contact your installer or GoodWe. Applicability: confirmed; ETC Series; documented exact models GW50K-ETC; Hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ETC Series User Manual V1.1 (official) (V1.1). The manual names GW50K-ETC and describes the ETC series as a hybrid bidirectional inverter. Exact installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 13, DC injection high: The DC component of the AC output current exceeds the inverter's limit. Fix: Restart the inverter. If the fault recurs, contact your installer or GoodWe. Applicability: confirmed; ETC Series; documented exact models GW50K-ETC; Hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ETC Series User Manual V1.1 (official) (V1.1). The manual names GW50K-ETC and describes the ETC series as a hybrid bidirectional inverter. Exact installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 14 · Isolation Fail, Isolation failure: Insulation resistance between the PV array and ground is too low, most common in rain or high humidity. Fix: If it clears once dry, moisture is getting in. An installer should switch off the DC isolator and measure the impedance from PV+ and PV− to earth; if it's low, inspect the PV wiring insulation and MC4 connectors for water ingress. Don't keep resetting it. Applicability: confirmed; ET Series / ET Plus Series; documented exact models GW5K-ET, GW6.5K-ET, GW8K-ET, GW10K-ET, GW5KL-ET, GW6KL-ET, GW8KL-ET, GW10KL-ET; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ET Series User Manual V1.1 (official) (V1.1). The manual names eight ET/ET Plus three-phase hybrid inverter models. Confirm the installed suffix, regional variant and current firmware before acting.
- 15 · Vac Failure, Grid voltage fault: The grid voltage is outside the acceptable range for the inverter. Fix: Often self-restores when the grid returns to range. If it's frequent, your network voltage may be high. Contact your installer or network operator; protection settings may need review (with the operator's consent). Applicability: confirmed; ET Series / ET Plus Series; documented exact models GW5K-ET, GW6.5K-ET, GW8K-ET, GW10K-ET, GW5KL-ET, GW6KL-ET, GW8KL-ET, GW10KL-ET; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ET Series User Manual V1.1 (official) (V1.1). The manual names eight ET/ET Plus three-phase hybrid inverter models. Confirm the installed suffix, regional variant and current firmware before acting.
- 16, External fan failure: The external cooling fan has faulted. Fix: Check the fan and air vents for blockage. If the fan is faulty it needs replacement. Contact your installer. Applicability: confirmed; ET G2 6–15 kW; documented exact models GW6000-ET-20, GW8000-ET-20, GW9900-ET-20, GW10K-ET-20, GW12K-ET-20, GW15K-ET-20; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ET G2 6–15 kW User Manual V2.1 (official) (V2.1). The manual names six ET G2 three-phase hybrid inverter models. Firmware applicability for the displayed fault still requires the installed version and current exact-model documentation.
- 17 · PV Over Voltage, PV over-voltage: The PV array voltage exceeds the inverter's maximum input. Fix: Switch off the DC isolator. The string likely has too many panels in series. Your installer must re-check the string sizing against the inverter's maximum input voltage. Applicability: confirmed; ET Series / ET Plus Series; documented exact models GW5K-ET, GW6.5K-ET, GW8K-ET, GW10K-ET, GW5KL-ET, GW6KL-ET, GW8KL-ET, GW10KL-ET; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ET Series User Manual V1.1 (official) (V1.1). The manual names eight ET/ET Plus three-phase hybrid inverter models. Confirm the installed suffix, regional variant and current firmware before acting.
- 19 · Over Temperature, Over temperature: The inverter's operating temperature has exceeded its safe limit. Fix: Improve ventilation per the install guidelines, keep the unit out of direct sun and confined spaces, and check the fans aren't blocked. Applicability: confirmed; ET G2 6–15 kW; documented exact models GW6000-ET-20, GW8000-ET-20, GW9900-ET-20, GW10K-ET-20, GW12K-ET-20, GW15K-ET-20; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ET G2 6–15 kW User Manual V2.1 (official) (V2.1). The manual names six ET G2 three-phase hybrid inverter models. Firmware applicability for the displayed fault still requires the installed version and current exact-model documentation.
- 20, Internal fan fault: An internal cooling-fan fault (IFAN). Fix: Restart once. If it persists, the internal fan needs service. Contact your installer or GoodWe. Applicability: confirmed; ET G2 6–15 kW; documented exact models GW6000-ET-20, GW8000-ET-20, GW9900-ET-20, GW10K-ET-20, GW12K-ET-20, GW15K-ET-20; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ET G2 6–15 kW User Manual V2.1 (official) (V2.1). The manual names six ET G2 three-phase hybrid inverter models. Firmware applicability for the displayed fault still requires the installed version and current exact-model documentation.
- 21, DC bus high: The internal DC bus voltage is too high. Fix: Restart the inverter. If it recurs, contact your installer or GoodWe. Applicability: confirmed; ETC Series; documented exact models GW50K-ETC; Hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ETC Series User Manual V1.1 (official) (V1.1). The manual names GW50K-ETC and describes the ETC series as a hybrid bidirectional inverter. Exact installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 22 · Ground I Fail, Ground (residual) current failure: Residual-current (earth-leakage) protection has tripped. Current is leaking to ground. Fix: Switch off the DC isolator and have an installer inspect the PV string wiring insulation for wear or damage. If it persists after reconnection, call a specialist. Don't keep resetting an earth fault. Applicability: confirmed; ETC Series; documented exact models GW50K-ETC; Hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ETC Series User Manual V1.1 (official) (V1.1). The manual names GW50K-ETC and describes the ETC series as a hybrid bidirectional inverter. Exact installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 23 · Utility Loss, Utility (grid) loss: Loss of connection between the inverter and the utility grid, an outage or a disconnection. Fix: Check the Solar Supply Main Switch and the AC isolator are on, and confirm the grid is working. If the grid is fine and it persists, have an installer check the AC wiring. Applicability: confirmed; ET Series / ET Plus Series; documented exact models GW5K-ET, GW6.5K-ET, GW8K-ET, GW10K-ET, GW5KL-ET, GW6KL-ET, GW8KL-ET, GW10KL-ET; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ET Series User Manual V1.1 (official) (V1.1). The manual names eight ET/ET Plus three-phase hybrid inverter models. Confirm the installed suffix, regional variant and current firmware before acting.
- 24 · 31, AC HCT (current sensor) failure: The AC current sensor (HCT) has failed. Fix: Restart once. If it remains, the current sensor needs service. Contact your installer or GoodWe. Applicability: confirmed; ET G2 6–15 kW; documented exact models GW6000-ET-20, GW8000-ET-20, GW9900-ET-20, GW10K-ET-20, GW12K-ET-20, GW15K-ET-20; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ET G2 6–15 kW User Manual V2.1 (official) (V2.1). The manual names six ET G2 three-phase hybrid inverter models. Firmware applicability for the displayed fault still requires the installed version and current exact-model documentation.
- 26 · 32, GFCI failure: A failure in the leakage-current (GFCI) detection circuit. Fix: Restart once. If it remains, the safety detection circuit is compromised and needs repair. Arrange it promptly; don't ignore it. Applicability: confirmed; ET G2 6–15 kW; documented exact models GW6000-ET-20, GW8000-ET-20, GW9900-ET-20, GW10K-ET-20, GW12K-ET-20, GW15K-ET-20; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ET G2 6–15 kW User Manual V2.1 (official) (V2.1). The manual names six ET G2 three-phase hybrid inverter models. Firmware applicability for the displayed fault still requires the installed version and current exact-model documentation.
- 30, Reference 1.5 V failure: The internal 1.5 V reference voltage is out of range. Fix: Restart the inverter. If it persists, it needs servicing. Contact your installer or GoodWe. Applicability: confirmed; ETC Series; documented exact models GW50K-ETC; Hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ETC Series User Manual V1.1 (official) (V1.1). The manual names GW50K-ETC and describes the ETC series as a hybrid bidirectional inverter. Exact installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- PE Loss, Protective earth (PE) loss: A missing or faulty protective-earth connection, possibly loose wiring, corrosion, or grounding-system damage. Fix: This is an electrical-safety fault. Have a licensed electrician diagnose and repair the grounding connection. Don't keep resetting it. Applicability: confirmed; ET Series / ET Plus Series; documented exact models GW5K-ET, GW6.5K-ET, GW8K-ET, GW10K-ET, GW5KL-ET, GW6KL-ET, GW8KL-ET, GW10KL-ET; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ET Series User Manual V1.1 (official) (V1.1). The manual names eight ET/ET Plus three-phase hybrid inverter models. Confirm the installed suffix, regional variant and current firmware before acting.
- Device Failure, Internal device failure: A general internal device failure (shown for faults outside the listed codes). Fix: Restart the inverter once. If it persists, note the exact code shown and contact your installer or GoodWe. Applicability: confirmed; ET G2 6–15 kW; documented exact models GW6000-ET-20, GW8000-ET-20, GW9900-ET-20, GW10K-ET-20, GW12K-ET-20, GW15K-ET-20; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual GoodWe ET G2 6–15 kW User Manual V2.1 (official) (V2.1). The manual names six ET G2 three-phase hybrid inverter models. Firmware applicability for the displayed fault still requires the installed version and current exact-model documentation.

---

## Solis (Ginlong): fault codes
Source: https://wattbench.ai/solis-alarm-codes

Solis alarm names vary by inverter family and firmware. The reviewed remedies use Solis's official North American complete alarm list plus its global no-display article. That establishes manufacturer provenance, but it does not confirm an Australian variant, a single model family or a firmware range; those fields remain blank. Confirm the exact model and displayed wording before applying an entry. Safety note: owners should record the alarm and safely visible conditions. DC/AC isolation, measurements, connectors, wiring, settings and internal work are licensed-installer tasks performed to the exact model manual.

- LCD blank, No display / inverter will not turn on: The LCD or indicators remain blank and the inverter is not starting. Fix: Record the blank display and contact the installer. A qualified worker should verify DC input, polarity and start voltage using the Solis no-display procedure; owners should not operate isolators or test live circuits. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Waiting / SoftRun (init loop), Waiting or SoftRun does not clear: The inverter remains in a documented start-up state rather than progressing to generation. This is not the same as the separate INI-FAULT alarm. Fix: Record the exact displayed status. If it does not clear, the installer should verify that DC input reaches the exact model's start voltage and use only the documented restart procedure; contact Solis if unresolved. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- OV-G-V01–04, Over grid voltage: The measured grid voltage is above the configured protection limit. Fix: A licensed installer should verify voltage at the named measurement point, AC-cable voltage rise and approved protection settings. Settings must only be changed with network approval; escalate an out-of-range supply to the network operator. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- UN-G-V01/02, Under grid voltage: The measured grid voltage is below the configured protection limit. Fix: The installer should verify the grid supply, AC connection and approved protection settings. Contact the network operator if the supply is outside range. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- OV-G-F01/02, Over grid frequency: The measured grid frequency is above the configured protection limit. Fix: Usually clears after the grid returns to range. If repeated, the installer should verify the event data and approved settings before network escalation. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- UN-G-F01/02, Under grid frequency: The measured grid frequency is below the configured protection limit. Fix: Usually clears after the grid returns to range. If repeated, the installer should verify the event data and approved settings before network escalation. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Reverse-GRID, AC polarity incorrect: The inverter detects an incorrect AC connection polarity. Fix: Do not operate the system. A licensed electrician should verify and correct the AC connection against the exact model manual. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Reverse-DC, DC polarity reversed: The inverter detects reverse polarity at a DC input. Fix: Do not operate DC switches or connectors. A licensed installer should make the circuit safe, verify polarity and correct the connection under the exact model procedure. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- NO-GRID, No grid detected: The inverter cannot detect an acceptable grid supply. Fix: An owner can confirm whether the premises has grid power and record switch positions without operating them. If supply is present, the installer should check the AC connection, selected grid standard and measured voltage, then contact Solis if unresolved. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- OV-DC01–04, Over DC voltage: The DC input voltage is above the inverter's permitted limit. Fix: Do not operate DC equipment. A licensed installer must verify the string design and measured open-circuit voltage against the exact model limits before re-energising. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- OV-BUS, Over DC bus voltage: The inverter's internal DC bus voltage is too high. Fix: Use only the documented model restart procedure. If the alarm remains, contact the installer or Solis for internal diagnosis. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- UN-BUS01/02, Under DC bus voltage: The inverter's internal DC bus voltage is too low. Fix: Use only the documented model restart procedure. If the alarm remains, contact the installer or Solis for internal diagnosis. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- GRID-INTF01/02, Grid interference: The inverter detected interference or instability on the grid connection. Fix: If the event repeats, have the installer verify the grid and AC connection. Contact Solis if the supply is within range and the alarm persists. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- OV-G-I, Over grid current: The inverter measured AC output current above its allowed limit. Fix: If it does not self-clear, contact the installer or Solis. Internal power-stage diagnosis is not an owner task. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- IGBT-OV-I, Over IGBT current: The inverter detected excessive current in its power-conversion stage. Fix: If it does not self-clear, contact the installer or Solis. Do not open the inverter. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- G-IMP, High grid impedance: The inverter measured grid impedance outside its permitted range. Fix: A licensed installer should inspect the AC connection and verify the measured condition. Protection limits must not be changed without the required approval. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- DC-INTF / OV-DCA-I, DC input over-current: The inverter detected excessive current at a DC input or MPPT. Fix: Do not disconnect strings under load. A licensed installer should identify the affected MPPT and verify the array configuration and measurements against the exact model rating. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- IGFOL-F, Grid-current tracking failed: The inverter could not correctly track the grid current. Fix: If the alarm remains after the model's documented restart, contact the installer or Solis. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- IG-AD, Grid-current sampling failed: The inverter detected a fault in its grid-current sampling circuit. Fix: If the alarm remains after the model's documented restart, contact the installer or Solis for internal diagnosis. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- OV-TEM, Over temperature: The inverter temperature exceeded its permitted operating range. Fix: Check only externally visible ventilation, clearance and direct-sun conditions. If it repeats in normal conditions, contact the installer or Solis; do not open the enclosure. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- INI-FAULT, Initialisation system fault: The inverter detected a system fault during initialisation. Fix: Use only the exact model's documented restart procedure. Contact the installer or Solis if it repeats. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- DSP-B-FAULT, Main–slave DSP communication failure: Communication between the inverter's internal control processors failed. Fix: Use only the documented restart procedure. Persistent alarms require installer or Solis service. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 12power-FAULT, 12 V power-supply fault: The inverter detected a fault in its internal 12 V supply. Fix: Contact the installer or Solis if it does not clear; this is an internal fault. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- PV ISO-PRO01/02, PV insulation protection: The inverter measured low insulation resistance between the PV circuit and earth. Fix: Record whether the event follows wet weather and arrange a licensed insulation test. Do not disconnect inputs or repeatedly reset the inverter yourself. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- ILeak-PRO01–04, Leakage-current protection: The measured residual current exceeded the protection limit. Fix: Treat a recurring event as an electrical-safety fault. A licensed installer should test the AC and DC circuits and inspect connections; do not bypass the protection. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- RelayChk-FAIL, Relay check failed: The inverter's internal relay self-check did not pass. Fix: If the alarm repeats after the documented restart, contact the installer or Solis. Do not bypass or service the relay yourself. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- DCinj-FAULT, High DC injection current: The measured DC component of the AC output exceeded its protection limit. Fix: If the alarm repeats, contact the installer or Solis for compliant diagnosis. This is not an owner repair. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Screen off, Screen off with DC present: The display is off even though the PV circuit may still be energised; the inverter may have an internal fault. Fix: Do not operate DC switches or connectors. Record the condition and have a qualified installer follow Solis's no-display procedure, including current verification before any DC isolation. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- AFCI self-test, AFCI self-detection fault: The arc-fault detection module did not pass its self-check. Fix: Use only the documented model restart. If the alarm returns, contact a qualified installer or Solis; do not disable AFCI protection. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Arcing, Arc detected in DC circuit: The inverter's arc-fault protection detected a possible DC arc. Fix: Treat as safety-critical. Do not reset repeatedly or operate DC connectors. A licensed installer should inspect the DC circuit and clear the alarm only after the cause is corrected. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.

---

## SolaX Power (X1 / X3 string and hybrid inverters): fault codes
Source: https://wattbench.ai/solax-inverter-error-codes

This guide keeps current X1-Hybrid G4 and X3-Hybrid G4 faults separate from legacy X-Hybrid C1/DM9000 vocabulary. Reviewed remedies cite only the current official SolaX manuals. Entries containing C1 or DM9000 remain remedy-blank because their manufacturer-authored manual is available only through a secondary mirror; the current G4 remedies must not be transferred to them. Australian certification exists for some G4 variants, but the reviewed manuals do not establish the installed Australian variant or firmware range. Safety note: owners should record the fault and safely visible conditions. AC/DC isolation, measurements, battery wiring, protection settings and internal work are licensed-worker tasks.

- Grid Lost Fault, Grid connection lost: The inverter cannot detect an acceptable grid supply and has disconnected. Fix: Check whether the premises has grid power and record switch positions without operating them. If supply is present and the fault persists, a licensed installer should inspect the AC connection. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- Grid Volt Fault, Grid voltage out of range: The measured grid voltage is outside the inverter's configured protection range. Fix: Usually clears when voltage returns to range. If repeated, the installer should capture the inverter data, verify voltage at the named measurement point and check approved settings before network escalation. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- Grid Freq Fault, Grid frequency out of range: The measured grid frequency is outside the inverter's configured protection range. Fix: Usually clears when frequency returns to range. If repeated, record the events and have the installer verify the supply and approved protection settings. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- PLL Lost Fault, Grid synchronisation lost: The inverter could not lock onto (synchronise with) the grid's voltage/frequency waveform. SolaX describes this internally as 'the grid is not good'. Usually a symptom of an unstable or poor-quality grid supply rather than a hardware fault. Fix: Typically recovers on its own when the grid stabilises. If it keeps recurring, have your installer review grid quality and the AC connection. Not a homeowner repair. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- AC5M Volt Fault / AC10M Volt Fault, Sustained grid voltage out of range (5 / 10 minute average): The grid voltage averaged over a 5-minute (AC5M) or 10-minute (AC10M) window has exceeded the allowable limit, a longer-term over/under-voltage protection separate from the instantaneous trip. Fix: Resolves automatically when the average grid voltage returns to normal. Persistent occurrences indicate sustained network voltage problems. Capture SolaX Cloud data and report to your installer/DNSP. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- Isolation Fault, DC insulation resistance too low: The inverter measured low insulation resistance between the DC circuit and earth. Fix: Do not reset repeatedly or operate DC equipment. Record whether it followed wet weather and arrange a licensed insulation test of the PV and battery circuits. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- RCD Fault, Residual-current fault: The inverter's residual-current monitoring detected leakage current above its protection threshold. Fix: Treat a recurring event as safety-critical. Do not bypass or repeatedly reset the protection; arrange a licensed inspection of the AC and DC circuits. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- PV Volt Fault, PV input voltage out of range: The DC voltage coming from the solar array is outside the inverter's allowable input window. This can be caused by string-design issues (for example too many panels in a string, which pushes voltage high in cold conditions) or an abnormal string condition. Fix: Have your accredited installer compare the measured string voltage against the inverter's rated MPPT/maximum input range. If it is out of spec, the array design or a string fault needs review. Working on DC strings/isolators is licensed-electrician work. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- PV Config Fault, PV input configuration error: The PV connection/configuration setting (SolaX: 'PV Connection Setting Fault') does not match how the strings are actually wired: for example parallel vs independent MPPT input settings. Fix: Have your installer confirm the PV input configuration setting matches the physical wiring and correct it. A restart may clear a transient case, but a recurring fault needs the configuration checked. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- Bus Volt Fault, Internal DC bus voltage out of range: The inverter's internal DC bus voltage is outside its permitted range. Fix: Use only the exact model's documented restart procedure. If the fault returns, contact the installer or SolaX for internal diagnosis. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- Over Temperature Fault, Inverter over temperature (Temp Over Fault): The inverter has exceeded its safe internal operating temperature and has derated or shut down to protect itself. Common in hot weather, poor ventilation, or full-sun wall mounting. Fix: Check the inverter is not in direct sun or boxed in, that there is clear airflow around it, and that the cooling fan runs. It generally recovers once it cools. If it overheats in normal conditions or the fan is silent, have it inspected. Do not open the enclosure. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- Fan Fault / Fan Speed Fault, Cooling fan fault or abnormal fan speed: A cooling fan (Fan1/Fan2) is not running or is running outside its normal speed range. Often caused by dust, debris or insects blocking the fan, or a worn fan. Fix: If safe and accessible externally, check for dust/debris around the fan vents; a restart may clear a transient case. If the fan stays faulty the unit can overheat. Have your installer replace or service it. Do not open the inverter yourself. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- Overload Fault, EPS / backup output overloaded: While running on battery backup (EPS mode during a grid outage), the connected load drew more power than the inverter can supply, so it shut the backup output down to protect itself. Fix: Switch off high-power appliances on the backup circuit (kettles, ovens, aircon, pumps) so the load is within the inverter's EPS rating, then press ESC to restart. If it trips with only modest load, have the backup circuit and settings reviewed by your installer. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- EPS OCP Fault, Overcurrent in EPS (backup) mode: An overcurrent was detected on the backup (EPS) output: for example from a large inrush/surge or a non-linear load when running off battery during an outage. Fix: Ensure backup loads are within range and remove problematic high-surge or non-linear loads, then restart. If it persists, the backup wiring/loads need an installer's review. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- Relay Fault, Grid relay fault: The inverter's internal grid-relay check failed. Fix: Use only the exact model's documented restart. If the fault returns, contact the installer or SolaX; do not bypass or service the relay. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- TZ Protect Fault, Hardware overcurrent protection tripped: The inverter's fast hardware overcurrent protection operated. Fix: Allow time for automatic recovery. If it recurs, contact the installer or SolaX; internal diagnosis is not an owner task. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- Inv OCP Fault, Inverter overcurrent protection: The inverter detected output overcurrent and tripped for protection. Fix: Allow time for automatic recovery. If it recurs, contact the installer or SolaX and do not open the unit. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- SW OCP Fault, Software-detected overcurrent: The control system detected overcurrent and stopped conversion. Fix: Use only the exact model's documented restart. If it returns, contact the installer or SolaX. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- DCI / DCI OCP / RC Fault, DC injection (DCI) fault: The inverter detected excessive DC current being injected into the AC grid (or a fault in the DCI sensing). Limiting DC injection is a grid-compliance safety requirement. Fix: May self-recover if transient. A controlled restart can help. Persistent DCI faults need an installer/electrician to investigate. This affects grid compliance and is not a homeowner repair. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- CT / Meter Fault, CT clamp or smart meter not detected: The inverter cannot communicate properly with the current transformer (CT) clamp or smart meter used to measure import/export (SolaX: 'the CT or the meter is not connected well'). This affects export limiting and energy monitoring rather than basic generation. Fix: Have your installer check the CT/meter wiring, orientation and communication connection. Do not open the inverter; CT/metering work on the switchboard is licensed-electrician work. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- SPI / SCI Fault, Internal communication fault: Communication between internal inverter control circuits failed. Fix: The fault may self-recover. If it repeats, use only the exact model's documented restart or contact the installer/SolaX. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- CAN1 Fault / C1 CAN Fault, Battery / charger CAN communication fault: The hybrid inverter lost CAN communication with the battery or legacy charger module. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Inv EEPROM / Mgr EEPROM / C1 EEPROM Fault, Internal memory (EEPROM) fault: An internal memory chip (inverter, manager or charger EEPROM) has reported a read/write error. Can occasionally be transient but often indicates a hardware fault. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Sample Fault, Detection/sampling circuit fault: An internal measurement (sampling) circuit has returned readings outside expected bounds (SolaX: 'the detection circuit fault'), so the inverter cannot trust its own sensing and has stopped. Fix: A controlled power cycle may clear a transient case. If it recurs, this is an internal hardware fault for your installer/SolaX. Do not open the unit. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.
- C1 Temp High / C1 Temp Low, Battery charger over / under temperature: The internal battery charger module is too hot (blocked airflow, high charge current, hot environment) or too cold to operate safely. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- C1 Bat OVP, Battery over-voltage: The battery voltage has risen above the charger's safe limit, so charging stopped to protect the battery and inverter. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- C1 Bus OVP / C1 Boost OVP, Charger bus / boost over-voltage: An internal voltage rail in the battery charger (DC bus or boost stage) has exceeded its limit and the charger has stopped to protect itself. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- C1 Charger OCP / C1 Boost OCP, Charger / boost overcurrent: An overcurrent was detected in the battery charger or its boost stage, tripping protection. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- DM9000 Fault, Legacy DM9000 fault: Legacy X-Hybrid family: the inverter reported a DM9000 internal fault. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- RTC Fault, Real-time clock fault: The inverter reported a fault in its internal real-time clock. Fix: Use only the exact model's documented restart. If it returns, arrange service through the installer or SolaX. Applicability: family-level; X1-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X1-Hybrid G4 Series user manual. Current X1-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded. | family-level; X3-Hybrid G4 Series; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SolaX X3-Hybrid G4 Series user manual, version 7 (Version 7). Current X3-Hybrid G4 family only. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; legacy C1/DM9000 entries are excluded.

---

## Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter and labelled deployed-firmware residues: fault codes
Source: https://wattbench.ai/deye-inverter-fault-codes

The reviewed remedies in this library apply only where the official SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU fault table carries the same F-code. Deye F-numbers are not stable across firmware, regional variants or rebadged hardware. F08 and F35 are retained only as deployed-firmware search aids because neither code appears in the reviewed Deye AU table; their remedies therefore remain blank even though secondary and community reports describe them. Sunsynk material is rebadge evidence, not primary Deye evidence. Confirm the exact model, region and firmware before acting. Safety note: owners should stop at recording visible app or display information. Isolation, configuration, testing, opening equipment and PV or battery cabling are licensed-electrician work and, where solar accreditation is required, work for an SAA-accredited person.

- F08, GFDI relay failure: The inverter's ground-fault detection (GFDI) relay has failed a self-test, or the neutral/earth bonding doesn't match the configured grid type. On deployed firmware and rebadged (Sunsynk) units this is one of the most-reported codes and is very often a grid-type setting mismatch (e.g. set to 120/240V split-phase when the system is actually single-phase) rather than a true hardware fault. (Note: the current official Deye AU and EU manuals do NOT list an F08 - they number the equivalent start/ground self-check as F07. Confirm against your unit's firmware.) Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- F13, Working mode / grid mode changed: An informational event, not a hardware fault. The official manual logs it when the grid type or frequency setting changes, when the battery mode is switched to 'No battery', or (on some older firmware) when the system work mode changes. It normally clears itself. Fix: Usually no action needed - it clears automatically. If it stays, turn off the DC isolator and AC switch, wait about one minute, then turn the AC and DC back on. If it still won't clear, contact your installer. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F15, AC over-current (software): The inverter's software protection has detected excessive current on the AC side (listed in the official manual as 'AC over current fault of software'). Can be triggered by a heavy backup or common load, or by an AC sensing issue. Fix: Check that backup-load and household-load demand are within the inverter's rated range and reduce load if needed, then restart. If it persists it points to an internal sensor or loose AC connection - that is for your installer or a licensed electrician, not an owner. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F16, AC leakage current fault: The residual-current monitor has detected earth-leakage current above its threshold (official manual: 'AC leakage current fault'), which can indicate a PV array insulation problem or moisture in connectors. The manual's listed remedy focuses on the PV-side cable ground connection. Fix: Record when the event occurs, including damp conditions, and whether it self-clears. A persistent leakage fault requires PV array, cabling and earthing inspection by an SAA-accredited solar installer or licensed electrician. Do not repeatedly restart, open equipment or handle PV cabling. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F18, AC over-current (hardware): A hardware-level over-current trip on the AC side (official manual: 'AC over current fault of hardware'), typically from too much load on the backup and/or common-load outputs. Fix: Check that backup-load power and common-load power are within the allowed range, reduce load, and restart to see if it clears. If it persists, contact your installer. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F20, DC over-current (hardware): A hardware-level over-current trip on the DC side (PV or battery) - official manual: 'DC over current fault of the hardware'. Common when an off-grid/backup system is started into a large load, where inrush current briefly exceeds limits. Fix: Check the PV and battery connections. If it appeared on off-grid startup with a big load, reduce the connected load. Turn off the DC isolator and AC switch, wait one minute, then turn them back on. If it persists, contact your installer; DC isolator and cabling work is licensed-electrician work. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F22, Emergency stop / remote shutdown (Tz_EmergStop_Fault): The inverter has been shut down by a remote-control or emergency-stop signal - it is being commanded off, not failing. The official manual states 'it tells the inverter is remotely controlled'. Fix: This indicates remote control is active. Contact your installer to confirm why the remote-shutdown signal is present before trying to override it. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F23, Transient leakage / GFCI over-current (Tz_GFCI_OC_Fault): A transient earth-leakage (residual-current) over-current event, often linked to PV-side earthing. Confirmed in the official manual as 'Tz_GFCI_OC current is transient over current / leakage current fault'. Fix: Check the PV-side cable ground connection. Restart the system two or three times to see if the transient clears. If the fault remains, have your installer inspect PV earthing and insulation - persistent leakage is a safety item. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F24, DC insulation / isolation impedance failure: PV insulation resistance to earth is too low - the array's isolation impedance has dropped (official manual: 'DC insulation failure - PV isolation resistance is too low'), which can mean a damaged cable, water ingress, or a faulty panel/connector. Fix: Treat this as an insulation safety fault. Record the code and conditions, then have an SAA-accredited solar installer test the array, protective earthing and connections. Do not touch PV connectors, handle DC cabling or open the inverter. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F26, DC busbar unbalanced: The internal DC busbar is unbalanced. The official manual notes it is logged when load across the phases is very uneven, and that it can also indicate DC leakage current. Fix: Wait a short while and check whether it normalises. Where possible, balance the loads across phases (or across L1/L2 on split-phase). Restart the system two or three times if it persists, then contact your installer. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F29, Parallel CAN bus fault: A communication fault on the parallel-link (CAN) bus between inverters in a multi-unit/parallel system. The official manual notes it is normal to see this briefly while a parallel system is powering up, and it clears once all units are ON. Fix: On startup, ignore it if it self-clears once all inverters are running. If it stays, check the parallel communication cable connections and that each inverter's communication address is set correctly. Contact your installer if it persists. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F34, AC overload fault: The connected load exceeds what the inverter can supply (official manual: 'AC Overcurrent fault'), typically on the backup/EPS output. A common owner-facing code when too many appliances run at once on backup power. Fix: Reduce the load so it sits within the inverter's rated output, then let it recover or restart. Check what was running when it tripped - large motors/heaters are usual culprits. If it trips with modest load, contact your installer. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F35, No AC grid (AC_NoUtility_Fault): The inverter cannot detect a valid utility grid - i.e. the grid is absent or out of acceptable voltage/frequency range. Often simply a grid outage or a tripped supply breaker; on three-phase units it can also be caused by incorrect phase rotation/sequence. (Note: this F35 numbering is from deployed/Sunsynk firmware; the current official Deye manuals do not list an F35 - confirm against your unit.) Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- F41, Parallel system stop: In a parallel installation, one inverter has shut down, which causes the other paralleled inverters to report F41 and stop as a group (official manual: 'if there is 1 pcs hybrid inverter shutdown, all hybrid inverters will report F41'). Fix: Check the working status of each hybrid inverter in the parallel group to find which unit went down. Resolve that unit's underlying fault. If the cause isn't clear, contact your installer. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F42, AC line low voltage: Measured grid (AC line) voltage is below the allowed range (official manual: 'AC line low voltage / grid voltage fault'). Frequently a grid-side condition (sagging supply) rather than an inverter fault. Fix: Check whether the AC voltage is within the standard range and that the grid AC cables are firmly and correctly connected. Persistent under-voltage with a healthy grid, or any cabling check, is for a licensed electrician / your installer. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F46, Backup battery fault: A fault with the connected battery (or batteries). The official Deye AU and EU manuals decode F46 as 'backup battery fault' and advise checking each battery's status - voltage, SOC and parameter settings - and making sure all parameters match. (Earlier third-party lists mislabelled F46 as 'AC under-voltage'; the decoded official manuals do not support that - treat F46 as a battery fault.) Fix: Check each battery's status - voltage, state of charge and configured parameters - and make sure all units are set up consistently. If the fault persists, contact your installer to inspect the battery and its settings; battery DC work is licensed-electrician territory. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F47, AC over-frequency: Grid frequency is above the allowed range, so the inverter disconnects per grid-protection (anti-islanding) rules. Usually a grid-side event. Fix: Check whether the frequency is within specification and that AC cables are firmly connected. This is normally a transient grid condition that clears itself; if it recurs constantly, contact your installer. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F48, AC under-frequency: Grid frequency is below the allowed range, so the inverter disconnects per grid-protection rules (official manual: 'AC lower frequency - grid frequency out of range'). Usually a grid-side event. Fix: Check whether the frequency is within specification and that AC cables are firmly connected. Generally a transient grid condition that self-clears; if it persists, contact your installer. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F55, DC bus voltage too high: The internal DC bus (busbar) voltage is too high (official manual: 'DC busbar voltage is too high - BUS voltage is too high') - typically because battery voltage or PV input voltage is above the allowed range. Fix: Check whether the battery voltage is too high and confirm the PV input voltage is within the inverter's allowed range (over-sized/cold strings can push voltage up). If string voltage is the cause, your installer needs to review the array design. DC cabling work is licensed-electrician work. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F56, DC bus voltage too low: The internal DC bus (busbar) voltage is too low - most often a flat or very low battery, or insufficient PV. Confirmed in the official manual as 'DC busbar voltage is too low - battery voltage low'. Fix: Check whether the battery voltage is too low; if so, allow PV or the grid to charge the battery back up. If voltage stays low with a healthy battery, contact your installer. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F58, BMS communication fault: Communication between the hybrid inverter and the battery BMS has been lost. The official manual flags it as a fault when the 'BMS_Err-Stop' protection is enabled and the BMS link drops (e.g. wrong comms cable, wrong battery protocol, or a loose RJ45). Fix: Check the comms cable and connector between inverter and battery, and that the correct battery brand/protocol is selected. The 'BMS_Err-Stop' item can be disabled on the LCD if you don't want a comms drop to stop the inverter, but the underlying cause should still be fixed. Contact your installer if it persists. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F63, ARC fault (AFCI): The arc-fault detection (AFCI) circuit has detected a possible DC arc on the PV side. The official manual notes this detection is enabled for the US market; many AU units will not raise it. Fix: Treat a reported arc as a potentially dangerous DC fault. Do not clear it and return the system to service without inspection. Have an SAA-accredited solar installer inspect the PV wiring and follow the applicable manufacturer process. Do not handle DC cabling yourself. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.
- F64, Heat-sink high temperature failure: The inverter's heat sink is too hot and it has shut down to protect itself (official manual: 'Heatsink high temperature failure - heatsink temperature is too high') - usually caused by a hot/poorly ventilated install location or blocked airflow. Fix: Check whether the surrounding temperature is too high and that airflow around the unit isn't blocked (clear vents, provide shade/ventilation). Turn the inverter off for about 10 minutes to cool, then restart. If it keeps overheating in normal conditions, contact your installer. Applicability: family-level; SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU; exact model list not documented; Three-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Deye SUN-(5–12)K-SG04LP3-AU hybrid inverter user manual, Chart 7-1. The remedy is tied to the SG04LP3-AU fault table. Exact model and firmware remain unconfirmed; deployed F08 and F35 entries are excluded.

---

## Enphase (IQ-series microinverters): fault codes
Source: https://wattbench.ai/enphase-microinverter-error-codes

Enphase IQ-series microinverters report plain-language events through the IQ Gateway rather than one universal numeric table. Current official Enphase material supports the reviewed remedies for IQ8 DC Resistance Low, Microinverter Failed to Report and Gateway Not Reporting. The remaining event vocabulary is retained from manufacturer-authored material available through secondary mirrors; those entries deliberately have no reviewed remedy until an official Enphase source is recovered. Australian product availability does not prove that every event label or firmware behaviour applies to every installed IQ family. Safety note: owners should stay off the roof and stop at app observations. Array, AC and DC work is for a licensed electrician and, where solar accreditation is required, an SAA-accredited person.

- AC Voltage Out Of Range, Grid voltage too high or too low: The microinverter is measuring AC (grid) voltage outside the limits set by its grid profile, so it disconnects and stops exporting until the grid settles back within range. In Australia high readings are extremely common on long suburban streets at midday when lots of solar is exporting and pushing local voltage up. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- AC Frequency Out Of Range, Grid frequency too high or too low: The microinverter is measuring a grid frequency outside its safe operating band (nominal 50 Hz in Australia) and goes offline as required by grid-protection rules. It must stay off until the grid has been continuously within limits for a set period; if frequency strays again during that window, the timer restarts. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Grid Gone, No grid / AC supply detected: The microinverter has disconnected from the grid/mains because it cannot detect a valid supply, so it shuts down. Enphase units are anti-islanding by design and will not produce power without a stable grid present. This appears during a blackout, or when an AC isolator, breaker or RCD on the solar circuit has been switched off. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- DC Voltage Too Low, Not enough DC input from the panel: The microinverter is seeing DC input voltage from its solar module below the level needed to operate. This is completely normal early morning, late evening, in heavy shade, or on very overcast days. If it appears in good daylight, it can indicate a poor or broken DC connection between the panel and the microinverter, or, on a new system, that a grid profile still needs to be applied at commissioning before the units will produce. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- DC Power Too Low, Panel producing too little power: Closely related to DC Voltage Too Low. The microinverter is measuring DC power below its operating threshold. Most often this is just low light (dawn, dusk, shade, cloud). If it occurs in full sun, it can point to a shaded, soiled or underperforming panel, or a degraded DC connection. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- DC Voltage Too High, Too much DC input from the panel: The microinverter reports DC input voltage from the solar module above its rated maximum. On a correctly matched panel/microinverter pairing this is unusual and generally suggests a microinverter malfunction or a module/wiring mismatch. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- GFI Tripped, Ground-fault current detected: The microinverter's built-in ground-fault (GFI) sensor has detected leakage current to earth during normal operation and has opened the circuit to protect against a fault. It can be triggered by moisture/weather, but a persistent trip points to damaged module insulation (such as cracked module glass), a damaged connector or cable, or water ingress. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- DC Resistance Low - Power Off, Insulation resistance to earth too low: An insulation-resistance (IR) sensor in the microinverter measures the resistance to earth from the positive and negative DC inputs. If it drops below the acceptable threshold (around 7 kΩ on IQ units), the unit stops producing and latches off. On IQ8 units this shows as a solid red status LED (after DC power has been cycled), and the gateway keeps reporting the fault until it is cleared. Common causes are moisture ingress, damaged cabling/connectors, or degraded module insulation. Fix: The condition must be cleared by command from the IQ Gateway (via the Enphase app / Enlighten device conditions and controls, or Enphase support) once the cause is resolved. It will not clear by itself. A short-lived case after rain may resolve, but a recurring or persistent one indicates a real insulation fault that needs a licensed electrician / accredited installer to find and rectify. Locating and repairing the fault on the array is not DIY work. Applicability: family-level; IQ8 Series; exact model list not documented; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Enphase IQ8 Series microinverter installation and operation manual, IOM-00068-3.0-EN, May 2026 (IOM-00068-3.0-EN). Only the IQ8 manual-backed condition resolves to this family. Exact models, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- Over Temperature / Critical Temperature, Microinverter running too hot: An internal temperature measurement inside the microinverter is above its normal range. To protect itself it automatically reduces (derates) its power output, and in extreme cases shuts down, until it cools; full power resumes once the temperature falls to an acceptable level. Note this is an internal reading, not ambient air temperature (IQ8 units run at full power up to about 50 °C ambient and derate above that). It can be driven by very high roof temperatures or restricted airflow behind the panel. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Microinverter Failed to Report, Gateway has lost contact with a microinverter: The IQ Gateway is no longer receiving data from one or more microinverters over the powerline communication (PLC) link, so the panel shows grey (not reporting). It can be caused by powerline-communication interference (e.g. a surge strip, noise source, or the gateway being plugged into a power board rather than a wall outlet), a tripped solar breaker/isolator, an AC wiring issue, or a failed unit. It does not necessarily mean the panel has stopped producing. Fix: Often a communication hiccup that resolves on its own or after the gateway is power-cycled. If specific panels stay grey, it can indicate interference from other equipment, a circuit issue, or a faulty microinverter. Diagnosis (and any breaker/wiring work) is for a licensed electrician / accredited installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Microinverter Not Detected / Not Found, New microinverter not discovered during commissioning: During or after installation the IQ Gateway / Enphase Installer App cannot find a microinverter to add it to the system. This is a commissioning-stage condition (the device shows as "not discovered") rather than a logged operational fault, and usually means the unit isn't yet powered, hasn't been given time to be discovered, or its serial wasn't scanned correctly. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Device Produced No Power, No energy generated in the last 24 hours: A microinverter that previously produced has generated no power within the last 24 hours. Causes range across the grid (a profile/voltage/frequency condition keeping it off), the AC side (a tripped breaker or isolator), or a failed unit. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Gateway / Envoy Not Reporting, IQ Gateway not sending data to Enphase: The IQ Gateway (Envoy) itself has stopped uploading data to the Enphase cloud, so the whole system appears offline in the app. This is almost always an internet/connectivity problem (router, Wi-Fi, or the gateway's own connection) rather than a solar production fault. Your panels may still be generating normally. Fix: Owner-safe checks only: confirm your home internet is working (check it on another device), then restart your router and the gateway (mains power cycle, then wait around 10 minutes). If you've changed router or Wi-Fi password, the gateway needs reconnecting via the Enphase app (your installer can guide this). If it stays offline after that, contact your installer. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.

---

## Sigenergy (SigenStor): fault codes
Source: https://wattbench.ai/sigenergy-sigenstor-fault-codes

Sigenergy's SigenStor combines PV, battery and energy-control functions, so its alarm list spans the full system. Codes appear in mySigen and SigenCloud as a four-digit alarm with a sub-ID that identifies the affected string, phase or communication link. This library includes only the 1000-series operational alarms verified in Sigenergy Alarm List v05. Safety note: owners should record the alarm and stop at safe visual observations or ordinary app support. DC/AC isolation, electrical measurements, settings, wiring and opening equipment are licensed-worker tasks completed under the exact product and site procedure.

- 1002, Low insulation resistance (ISO fault): The inverter has measured low insulation resistance on the PV (DC) side, meaning the system is detecting a possible leakage path to earth. Common triggers are moisture ingress in a connector or cable, a damaged DC cable, or a string partially shorting to the protective earth (PE). It often appears in the early morning when humidity is highest and may self-clear as things dry out. Fix: If it self-clears as the day warms up, it was most likely transient damp. If it persists or recurs, do not start pulling DC plugs apart yourself. The strings can sit at hundreds of volts. Log the code in the mySigen app and have your installer or a licensed electrician inspect the DC cabling, connectors, and earthing. Applicability: family-level; SigenStor; exact model list not documented; Integrated energy-storage system; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sigenergy Alarm List Version 05 (2025-10-24), official AU (Version 05). The Australian alarm list supports SigenStor family guidance and the official AU product surface describes SigenStor as an integrated energy-storage system. Exact model, installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1003, Inverter over-temperature: The inverter has exceeded its safe internal operating temperature and has throttled or shut down to protect itself. Usual causes are high ambient temperature, the unit sitting in direct sun, or restricted airflow/poor ventilation around the tower. Fix: Make sure nothing is blocking airflow around the unit and that it is not baking in direct afternoon sun (a sail or shade can help on a hot Australian roof or wall). It should resume automatically once it cools. If it keeps tripping in normal conditions, contact your installer. Do not open the enclosure. Applicability: family-level; SigenStor; exact model list not documented; Integrated energy-storage system; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sigenergy Alarm List Version 05 (2025-10-24), official AU (Version 05). The Australian alarm list supports SigenStor family guidance and the official AU product surface describes SigenStor as an integrated energy-storage system. Exact model, installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1006, String input overvoltage (PV): The DC voltage from a PV string (the sub-ID identifies which string: e.g. ID1 = String 1) is above the inverter's maximum allowed input voltage. This almost always means too many panels were wired in series for that string, and the problem shows up worst on cold, bright mornings when panel voltage peaks. Fix: This is a design/wiring issue, not something you can clear from the app. Have your installer review the string sizing and panel count per string against the inverter's maximum input voltage. PV/DC work is licensed-electrician territory. Do not rewire strings yourself. Applicability: family-level; SigenStor; exact model list not documented; Integrated energy-storage system; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sigenergy Alarm List Version 05 (2025-10-24), official AU (Version 05). The Australian alarm list supports SigenStor family guidance and the official AU product surface describes SigenStor as an integrated energy-storage system. Exact model, installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1009, AFCI fault (DC arc detected): The arc-fault circuit interrupter has detected what looks like an electrical arc on a PV string (the sub-ID flags which string). This is a genuine fire-safety feature. Arcs are usually caused by a damaged DC cable, a loose or corroded connector, or a poor contact at a string terminal. Fix: Treat this seriously. Note which string (the sub-ID) is flagged. You can attempt one clear/reset via the mySigen app, but if it returns, stop and call your installer. The DC side may have a damaged cable or loose connector that needs a licensed electrician to inspect for burn marks. Do not open connectors on a live string yourself. Applicability: family-level; SigenStor; exact model list not documented; Integrated energy-storage system; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sigenergy Alarm List Version 05 (2025-10-24), official AU (Version 05). The Australian alarm list supports SigenStor family guidance and the official AU product surface describes SigenStor as an integrated energy-storage system. Exact model, installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1010, Grid power outage / grid power failure lock: The inverter has detected that the grid has gone away, either an actual blackout or the AC isolator/main switch being turned off (ID1). A persistent or repeated loss can put the system into a grid-failure lock state (ID2). With backup configured, the system transfers to battery/backup; otherwise it stops exporting and waits. Fix: Normally informational. The system reconnects on its own once the grid returns. Check whether there is a local blackout or whether an AC switch has been left off. If the grid is clearly present but the alarm stays locked on, have your installer check the AC connection rather than resetting switches yourself. Applicability: family-level; SigenStor; exact model list not documented; Integrated energy-storage system; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sigenergy Alarm List Version 05 (2025-10-24), official AU (Version 05). The Australian alarm list supports SigenStor family guidance and the official AU product surface describes SigenStor as an integrated energy-storage system. Exact model, installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1011, Grid overvoltage (Level I / II / III): The grid voltage at your connection point has risen above the allowed protection threshold, so the inverter disconnects to protect itself and comply with grid rules. Level I is mildest, Level III most severe. This is one of the most common alarms in Australia, especially around midday in areas with lots of rooftop solar pushing voltage up. Fix: This is almost always a network/grid condition, not a fault in your unit. It should reconnect automatically when voltage settles. If it happens repeatedly and curtails your solar, raise it with your installer and your DNSP (distributor); voltage limits and any volt-watt/volt-var settings should only be changed by your accredited installer. Applicability: family-level; SigenStor; exact model list not documented; Integrated energy-storage system; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sigenergy Alarm List Version 05 (2025-10-24), official AU (Version 05). The Australian alarm list supports SigenStor family guidance and the official AU product surface describes SigenStor as an integrated energy-storage system. Exact model, installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1012, Grid undervoltage (Level I / II / III): The grid voltage has dropped below the protection threshold, so the inverter disconnects until it recovers. It usually reflects a weak or sagging grid supply rather than an inverter fault, and is more common on long rural feeders or during high-demand periods. Fix: Generally clears by itself once grid voltage recovers. If it persists or happens often, report it to your installer and electricity distributor. There may be a supply-side issue. No user reset of switches or settings. Applicability: family-level; SigenStor; exact model list not documented; Integrated energy-storage system; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sigenergy Alarm List Version 05 (2025-10-24), official AU (Version 05). The Australian alarm list supports SigenStor family guidance and the official AU product surface describes SigenStor as an integrated energy-storage system. Exact model, installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1013, Grid overfrequency (Level I / II / III): The grid frequency has risen above the allowed threshold and the inverter has disconnected per grid protection rules. This is a grid-side condition, not an internal fault, and usually clears within seconds. Fix: Self-recovers when frequency returns to normal. Persistent or frequent trips should be reported to your installer/distributor. Protection thresholds are set to local grid standards and are not for the owner to change. Applicability: family-level; SigenStor; exact model list not documented; Integrated energy-storage system; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sigenergy Alarm List Version 05 (2025-10-24), official AU (Version 05). The Australian alarm list supports SigenStor family guidance and the official AU product surface describes SigenStor as an integrated energy-storage system. Exact model, installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1014, Grid underfrequency (Level I / II / III): The grid frequency has fallen below the allowed threshold and the inverter has disconnected to comply with grid protection requirements. Like overfrequency, it is a grid-side event that normally clears within seconds. Fix: Self-recovers once frequency stabilises. If it recurs, report it to your installer and distributor; do not alter protection settings. Applicability: family-level; SigenStor; exact model list not documented; Integrated energy-storage system; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sigenergy Alarm List Version 05 (2025-10-24), official AU (Version 05). The Australian alarm list supports SigenStor family guidance and the official AU product surface describes SigenStor as an integrated energy-storage system. Exact model, installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1017, Leak current out of limit: The inverter has measured residual/leakage current above its safety threshold. It is often transient, caused by damp conditions or a momentary disturbance, and the system typically recovers once the environment settles. Fix: If it self-clears, it was likely a transient damp-weather event. If it recurs frequently, there may be an insulation or earthing issue on the DC or AC side (moisture ingress, damaged cable, or a faulty RCD). Log it and have your installer or a licensed electrician investigate. Do not open the unit or disturb wiring yourself. Applicability: family-level; SigenStor; exact model list not documented; Integrated energy-storage system; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sigenergy Alarm List Version 05 (2025-10-24), official AU (Version 05). The Australian alarm list supports SigenStor family guidance and the official AU product surface describes SigenStor as an integrated energy-storage system. Exact model, installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1018, Communication fault (4G / CAN / meter / gateway): A communication link inside the system has dropped: for example the 4G/monitoring module (ID1), the battery CAN bus (ID2), the energy meter (ID3), or the gateway (ID4). The sub-ID identifies which link. Monitoring or energy-management features may stop working while it is active even if power flow continues. Fix: A power-cycle (following your installer's documented procedure) often restores communications. If it keeps recurring, a connector may be loose or a module faulty. Have your installer reseat connectors and check the wiring rather than opening the enclosure yourself. Applicability: family-level; SigenStor; exact model list not documented; Integrated energy-storage system; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sigenergy Alarm List Version 05 (2025-10-24), official AU (Version 05). The Australian alarm list supports SigenStor family guidance and the official AU product surface describes SigenStor as an integrated energy-storage system. Exact model, installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1022, EPO / emergency stop activated: The emergency power-off (EPO) input has been triggered, typically because someone pressed the emergency-stop button (or, on some installs, a shutdown command in the mySigen app). The system stays shut down for safety until the EPO is released. Fix: Confirm it is safe to restart, then release/reset the emergency-stop button (or clear the shutdown in the app) to clear the alarm. If the EPO was pressed because of a genuine emergency (smoke, fire, fault), leave it tripped and contact your installer or emergency services first. Applicability: family-level; SigenStor; exact model list not documented; Integrated energy-storage system; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sigenergy Alarm List Version 05 (2025-10-24), official AU (Version 05). The Australian alarm list supports SigenStor family guidance and the official AU product surface describes SigenStor as an integrated energy-storage system. Exact model, installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1023, Neutral disconnected / abnormal AC wiring: The inverter has detected a problem with the AC wiring, most commonly a neutral conductor that is disconnected or has worked loose inside the inverter (ID1), or otherwise abnormal AC wiring (ID2). A poor neutral connection can be a safety hazard. Fix: This is an AC wiring issue and must be handled by a licensed electrician. Do not attempt to inspect or re-terminate AC wiring yourself. Have your installer power down safely and check the neutral and AC terminations. Applicability: family-level; SigenStor; exact model list not documented; Integrated energy-storage system; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Sigenergy Alarm List Version 05 (2025-10-24), official AU (Version 05). The Australian alarm list supports SigenStor family guidance and the official AU product surface describes SigenStor as an integrated energy-storage system. Exact model, installed regional variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.

---

## Tesla (Powerwall 2 / Powerwall 3 home battery): fault codes
Source: https://wattbench.ai/tesla-powerwall-alert-codes

Tesla's Powerwall doesn't use short numeric fault codes the way many inverters do. Instead, the Tesla app shows plain-language alerts and status notifications. This library covers documented Powerwall 2 and Powerwall 3 owner alerts, plus one separately labelled Tesla Solar Inverter / Powerwall+ arc-fault lockout. It is reference material, not a repair manual. Safety note: owners should stop at app guidance, ordinary load reduction and safe observation. Do not troubleshoot during an outage, extreme weather or where there is heat damage. Breakers that will not remain closed, rapid-shutdown circuits, AC/DC isolation, wiring and opening equipment are licensed-worker or Tesla-authorised service tasks.

- Breaker Open, Powerwall breaker is open / off: The AC circuit breaker that connects your Powerwall to your home is in the open (off) position, so the Powerwall is disconnected and can't charge or store energy. Left like this, the battery can slowly drain its reserve and may eventually need a service visit. Fix: Find the breaker labelled 'Battery' or 'Powerwall' (often at the bottom of your main switchboard or in the Backup Gateway) and switch it back to on/closed, then follow the app prompt to restart the Powerwall. If the breaker won't stay on, trips repeatedly, or you notice any burning smell, discolouration, or heat damage, do NOT keep resetting it. This is licensed-electrician work; contact your installer or Tesla. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Powerwall Overloaded, Powerwall is overloaded: reduce load: During a grid outage your home is drawing more power than the Powerwall can supply at once (for example several high-draw appliances running together), so Powerwall has stopped supplying power to protect itself. Fix: Turn off high-power loads such as air conditioners, ovens, kettles, pool pumps, EV charging or instantaneous hot water, then wait. Powerwall automatically retries within about two minutes and should resume powering the home once the load drops; you can also restart it with a quick toggle of its on/off switch. If it keeps overloading with very little running, have your installer review your backup load setup. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Powerwall Inactive, Powerwall has stopped powering the home (inactive): Powerwall has entered an inactive state, commonly after running very low on energy during an outage or after repeated overloads, and is no longer supplying your home. Tesla notes that when low, if the remaining energy decreases by more than about 2.5% it becomes inactive and waits for the next hour to try charging again. Fix: If your phone is paired to the Powerwall and online, open the Tesla app, tap 'Powerwall Inactive', review the prompt and tap 'Restart Powerwall'. Only restart when there's enough daylight/solar (or grid) available to power the home and recharge the battery. If the app restart fails, you can power-cycle the system per Tesla's instructions; if it still won't come back, contact your installer or Tesla. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Powerwall Low on Energy, Powerwall is low on energy: Battery charge is getting low (typically during a grid outage). Backup time is limited and will run out sooner if your usage stays high. Fix: Reduce your household power use, switch off non-essential and high-draw appliances, to stretch the remaining backup time until the grid returns or solar recharges the battery. No technical work required. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Powerwall Energy Very Low, Powerwall energy very low: limited backup remaining: The battery is nearly empty during an outage and may fully discharge if usage isn't cut back. Tesla's wording is along the lines of 'Powerwall energy is very low, and you will have limited backup time remaining.' Once it gets too low it stops providing power to protect the cells. Fix: Immediately reduce your home's power use to the essentials to extend backup duration. If the battery does run out, it will resume during daylight hours once solar provides enough charge. No technical work required. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Powerwall Stopped (Discharged), Powerwall too low and stopped powering the home: The battery dropped to its minimum and has stopped supplying power to protect the cells. Tesla documents that if an outage occurs while stored energy is below about 5% you immediately lose backup and Powerwall saves the remaining energy to recharge from solar the next morning; separately, once a Powerwall drops below roughly 10% during an outage it enters standby and stops providing power. Either way this is normal protective behaviour, not a fault. Fix: Wait for recharge. When paired with solar, Powerwall periodically tries to recharge (Tesla cites automatic attempts roughly hourly between about 8am and 4pm) and resumes powering the home during daylight once it has charged enough, or when grid power returns. You can also reduce load so incoming solar goes toward recharging faster. No technical work required. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Rapid Shutdown (RSD) Initiated, Rapid shutdown triggered: Powerwall won't power home: The rapid-shutdown safety circuit has been triggered, so Powerwall will not power your home. Tesla's alert typically reads 'Rapid Shutdown Initiated. Check AC breaker and low-voltage rapid shutdown circuit.' This is a safety function tied to the AC breaker and the low-voltage RSD wiring, not a simple consumer button you reset. Fix: Check that the relevant AC breaker is on. If that doesn't clear it, leave the system as-is and contact your installer or Tesla. Diagnosing the rapid-shutdown circuit (jumpers, low-voltage wiring, any system shutdown switch) is licensed-electrician work. Do not attempt to bypass the rapid-shutdown circuit. Applicability: family-level; Powerwall+ / Tesla Solar Inverter; exact model list not documented; Role not confirmed; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Powerwall+ / Tesla Solar Inverter Rapid Shutdown (RSD) Initiated, Tesla Energy Library. The en-AU rapid-shutdown procedure covers Powerwall+ and Tesla Solar Inverter but does not publish a nameplate-exact model, one shared product role or firmware range. | family-level; Powerwall 3; exact model list not documented; Integrated solar-and-battery system; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Powerwall 3 Rapid Shutdown (RSD) Initiated, Tesla Energy Library. The en-AU procedure and Tesla Australia product surface identify Powerwall 3 as an integrated solar-and-battery system. Exact hardware designation and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Internal Fault: Replacement Required, Powerwall disabled by an internal fault: Powerwall has been disabled because of an internal hardware fault, and you may see a flashing red logo LED on the unit with an app alert such as 'Powerwall Disabled' or 'Internal Fault Detected'. Powerwall and its components are not user-serviceable. A persistent internal fault means the unit needs professional support or replacement. Fix: You can attempt a single basic reset per Tesla's instructions (e.g. power-cycling at the breaker for at least 10 seconds). If the logo LED keeps blinking red or the fault persists, turn off the Powerwall enable switch and contact your installer or Tesla. Do not attempt to open or repair the unit. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Arc Fault Lockout, Tesla Solar Inverter / Powerwall+ arc-fault lockout: On Tesla Solar Inverter and Powerwall+ systems, five arc-fault alerts within 24 hours trigger an arc-fault lockout. Tesla requires the PV string wiring, junction boxes, DC connectors and module-level equipment to be inspected before re-enabling the system. Fix: This is not a homeowner fix. Leave the system locked out and contact your installer or Tesla. A qualified person must complete Tesla's documented arc-fault inspection and support record before the system is cleared to run again. Do not bypass the lockout. Applicability: family-level; Tesla Solar Inverter / Powerwall+; exact model list not documented; Role not confirmed; documentation region Australia; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Tesla Solar Inverter / Powerwall+ Arc Fault Lockout, Tesla Energy Library. The en-AU arc-fault procedure covers Tesla Solar Inverter and Powerwall+ but does not publish a nameplate-exact model, one shared product role or firmware range.
- Going Off-Grid / Grid Outage, Grid is down: running on backup: Status notification (not a fault): the grid has gone down (or you initiated Go Off-Grid) and your home is now running on Powerwall backup. Tesla sends this so you can manage your energy use during the outage. Note that if your internet is also down during an outage, this notification may not arrive. Fix: No action needed. This is informational. Manage usage to make your backup last (prioritise essentials), and your system will reconnect automatically when the grid returns. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- Storm Watch Activated, Storm Watch is active: charging to full: Status notification (not a fault): Tesla's Storm Watch detected a severe-weather forecast in your area (via national weather services) that could cause an outage, so Powerwall is charging to maximum capacity to give you the most backup protection. It stays in Storm Watch until the weather event passes. Fix: No action needed. This is automatic and informational. Avoid discharging the battery (e.g. heavy loads or EV charging from the battery) if you want it to reach full before any outage. It returns to your normal settings once the weather alert clears. You can opt out in the app if desired. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.

---

## FoxESS (H1/AC1 hybrid inverters and R-series three-phase string inverters): fault codes
Source: https://wattbench.ai/foxess-inverter-error-codes

FoxESS uses two distinct fault-naming conventions across its range. The hybrid inverters (H1/AC1, including the G2 generation) report named text alarms such as `Grid Lost Fault`, `Bat Volt Fault` and `BMS Lost`, shown on the inverter panel or in FoxCloud. The R-series three-phase string inverters (R75/R100/R110) use numeric fault codes in the 1030–1345 range. Every code below is taken verbatim from FoxESS's own user manuals (the H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Manual V1.0.8 and the R-Series User Manual), with the legacy numeric grid codes (1, 26, 27, 28) corroborated against the FoxESS owners' community forum. Always confirm the exact wording on your own unit's display or in FoxCloud, as alarm sets vary by model and firmware.

- Grid Lost Fault, Grid Lost Fault: The grid supply has been lost / disconnected, so the inverter has isolated from the grid. Often appears alongside grid voltage/frequency faults, frequently caused by a tripped breaker. Fix: System will reconnect automatically once the utility returns to normal. If it does not return to normal, seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Grid Volt Fault, Grid Voltage Fault: Measured grid voltage is outside the allowed operating range (over- or under-voltage). Fix: System will reconnect once the utility returns to normal; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Grid Freq Fault, Grid Frequency Fault: Grid frequency is outside the allowed operating range. Fix: System will reconnect once the utility returns to normal; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 10min Volt Fault, 10-Minute Average Grid Voltage Fault: The 10-minute average grid voltage has been out of range, a regulatory over-voltage protection. Fix: System will reconnect once the utility returns to normal; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Bat Volt Fault, Battery Voltage Fault: Battery voltage is outside the inverter's normal operating range. Fix: Check that the battery input voltage is within the normal range; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Pv Volt Fault, PV Voltage Fault: PV (solar) input voltage is outside the allowed range. Fix: Check the output voltage of the PV panels; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Iso Fault, Isolation (Insulation) Fault: Isolation/insulation resistance to ground has failed, typically from damaged cable insulation or moisture. Fix: Check whether the insulation of the electric wires is damaged; wait to see if it returns to normal; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Res Cur Fault, Residual Current Fault: Detected residual (leakage) current is too high, often from damaged insulation. Fix: Check whether the insulation of the electric wires is damaged; wait to see if it returns to normal; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- DCI Fault, DCI (DC Injection) Fault: The DC component in the AC output current exceeds the permitted limit. Fix: Disconnect PV, grid and battery, then reconnect; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- SW Inv Cur Fault, Software Inverter Current Fault: Output current detected as too high by the software protection. Fix: Disconnect PV, grid and battery, then reconnect; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- HW Inv Cur Fault, Hardware Inverter Current Fault: Output current detected as too high by the hardware protection. Fix: Disconnect PV, grid and battery, then reconnect; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Temp Fault, Over-Temperature Fault: The inverter internal/ambient temperature is too high. Fix: Check the environment temperature; wait to see if it returns to normal; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Ground Fault, Ground Connection Fault: The ground (PE) connection has failed. Fix: Check the voltage of neutral and PE, check AC wiring, then disconnect PV/grid/battery and reconnect; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Over Load Fault, Overload Fault (On-Grid): The connected load exceeds the inverter's limit while in on-grid mode. Fix: Check whether the load power exceeds the limit; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Eps Over Load, EPS Overload (Off-Grid): The connected backup/EPS load exceeds the inverter's limit while in off-grid mode. Fix: Check whether the EPS load power exceeds the limit; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Bat Power Low, Battery Power Low: The battery state of charge / available power is low. Fix: Wait for the battery to be recharged; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- PvCon Dir Fault, PV Connection Reversed: The PV string polarity is connected the wrong way round. Fix: Check that the positive and negative poles of the PV are correctly connected; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- BatCon Dir Fault, Battery Connection Reversed: The battery polarity is connected the wrong way round. Fix: Check that the positive and negative poles of the battery are correctly connected; otherwise seek help from FoxESS. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Meter Lost Fault, Meter Communication Lost: Communication between the energy meter and the inverter has been interrupted. Fix: Check that the communication cable between the meter and the inverter is correct and well connected. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- BMS Lost, BMS Communication Lost: Communication between the battery BMS and the inverter has been interrupted. Fix: Check that the communication cable between the BMS and the inverter is correct and well connected. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Bms Int Fault, BMS Internal Fault: DIP switch in the wrong position, or communication between battery packs is interrupted. Fix: Move the DIP switch to the correct position; check that the communication cable between battery packs is correct and well connected. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Bms Volt High, Battery Over-Voltage (BMS): The battery BMS reports an over-voltage condition. Fix: Contact the battery supplier. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Bms Volt Low, Battery Under-Voltage (BMS): The battery BMS reports an under-voltage condition. Fix: Contact the battery supplier. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Bms ChgCur High, Battery Charge Over-Current (BMS): The battery BMS reports a charge over-current. Fix: Contact the battery supplier. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Bms DchgCur High, Battery Discharge Over-Current (BMS): The battery BMS reports a discharge over-current. Fix: Contact the battery supplier. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Bms Temp High, Battery Over-Temperature (BMS): The battery BMS reports an over-temperature condition. Fix: Contact the battery supplier. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- Bms Temp Low, Battery Under-Temperature (BMS): The battery BMS reports an under-temperature condition. Fix: Contact the battery supplier. Applicability: confirmed; H1(G2) Series; documented exact models H1-3.0-E-G2, H1-3.7-E-G2, H1-4.6-E-G2, H1-5.0-E-G2, H1-6.0-E-G2, H1-4.6-E1-G2, H1-5.0-E1-G2; Single-phase hybrid inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven H1(G2) single-phase hybrid inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed. | confirmed; AC1(G2) Series; documented exact models AC1-3.0-E-G2, AC1-3.7-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E-G2, AC1-5.0-E-G2, AC1-6.0-E-G2, AC1-4.6-E1-G2, AC1-5.0-E1-G2; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region unknown; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS H1(G2)/AC1(G2) Series User Manual V1.0.8 (official) (V1.0.8). The manual names seven AC1(G2) AC-coupled inverter models. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1030, AC Overcurrent: The AC output current has exceeded the safe limit (R-series three-phase string inverter). Fix: The inverter will reconnect after the grid is restored. If the fault recurs, contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1034, DC Component Current Fault: A DC component has been detected in the output current beyond limits. Fix: Wait for the inverter to return to normal; if it recurs, turn off AC and DC switches, wait 10 minutes, then restart; otherwise contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1035, Leakage Overcurrent Fault: Excessive leakage (residual) current, often caused by high parasitic capacitance in poor light or moist conditions. Fix: Once the environment improves the inverter reconnects; if the environment is normal, check insulation of AC and DC cables; otherwise contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1040, Grid Voltage Imbalance: Imbalance between the grid phase voltages (three-phase R-series). Fix: Inverter reconnects after grid is restored; if it recurs, check protection parameter settings in the app, measure actual grid voltage/frequency per phase and contact the power company; otherwise contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1042, Grid High Frequency: Grid frequency above the permitted limit (R-series 'Grid High Freq'). Fix: Inverter reconnects after grid is restored; if it recurs, check protection settings and measure actual grid frequency, contact power company; otherwise contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1043, Grid Low Frequency: Grid frequency below the permitted limit (R-series 'Grid Low Freq'). Fix: Inverter reconnects after grid is restored; if it recurs, check protection settings and measure actual grid frequency, contact power company; otherwise contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1044, Grid Phase Voltage Over-Limit: A grid phase voltage has exceeded its limit (R-series 'Grid Phase Volt Over-limit'). Fix: Inverter reconnects after grid is restored; if it recurs, check protection settings and measure actual grid voltage, contact power company; otherwise contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1045, Grid Line Voltage Over-Limit: A grid line (phase-to-phase) voltage has exceeded its limit (R-series 'Grid Line Volt Over-limit'). Fix: Inverter reconnects after grid is restored; if it recurs, check protection settings and measure actual grid voltage, contact power company; otherwise contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1051, Grid Phase Lost Fault: A grid phase has been lost on the three-phase supply. Fix: Inverter reconnects after grid is restored; if it recurs, measure actual grid voltage and check each phase meets grid-tied requirements, contact power company; otherwise contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1066, DC Input MPPT1 Reverse Fault: The PV string on MPPT1 has reversed polarity. Fix: Check whether the positive and negative polarities of the affected string are reversed; if so, correct them when string current is low; otherwise contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1099, Over-Temperature Protection: The inverter has triggered over-temperature protection. Fix: Check if the inverter is in direct sunlight and shade it; check and clean the air outlet; check the app for a fan alarm; otherwise contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1116, Ground Impedance Fault: Abnormal ground (earth) impedance detected. Fix: Check the ground cables are connected properly and that insulation between ground and live cables is good; otherwise contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1123, Grid Relay Fault: Fault in the grid relay. Fix: Wait for the inverter to return to normal; if it recurs, turn off AC and DC switches, wait 10 minutes, restart; otherwise contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1124, Insulation Resistance Low Fault: PV array insulation (ISO) resistance to ground is too low. Fix: Check the ISO impedance protection value in the app meets local regulations; check DC cable and ground contact; if cables are normal and it occurred on a wet day, re-check in better weather. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1145, Arc Fault: An arc fault has been detected on the DC side (AFCI protection). Fix: Disconnect the DC input and check for damaged cables, loose terminals/fuses and burn marks; reconnect and clear the arc fault in the app; if it persists, contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1188, AC SPD Abnormality: The AC surge protection device (SPD) is abnormal. Fix: Check the status of the SPD and contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1189, DC SPD Abnormality: The DC surge protection device (SPD) is abnormal. Fix: Check the status of the SPD and contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1191, External Fan Alarm: The external cooling fan has alarmed, e.g. blocked by debris. Fix: Check whether the fan is blocked by foreign objects and remove them; contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1193, EEPROM Read-Write Alarm: Internal communication / EEPROM read-write abnormality. Fix: Internal communication is abnormal; turn off AC and DC switches, wait 10 minutes, restart; if it persists, contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1313, DC Input MPPT1 Voltage High Fault: The DC input voltage on MPPT1 is too high. Fix: Wait for the inverter to return to normal; if it persists, contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.
- 1345, String1 Warning: A warning for PV String 1 (e.g. unreliable connection or a damaged DC fuse). Fix: Confirm the relevant MPPT is reliably connected (ignore if no connection needed); check whether the string DC fuse is damaged and replace it; otherwise contact FoxESS Customer Service. Applicability: confirmed; R75 / R100 / R110; documented exact models R75, R100, R110; Three-phase string inverter; documentation region Europe; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual FoxESS R-Series (R75/R100/R110) User Manual V1.4 (official) (V1.4). The manual names R75, R100 and R110 as three-phase grid-tied string inverters. Australian variant and firmware applicability remain unconfirmed.

---

## Sofar Solar (Shenzhen SOFARSOLAR): legacy ME3000SP retrofit inverter: fault codes
Source: https://wattbench.ai/sofar-inverter-error-codes

This library is now anchored to the official ME3000SP manual. Sofar products reuse ID-style alarms, but numbering and meaning can shift between ME3000SP, HYD ES/EP and later string or storage families. Do not transfer an ME3000SP remedy to another family without its exact manual; those applicability fields remain deliberately blank. Safety note: owners should stop at recording the code, app status and safely visible conditions. DC/AC isolation, electrical measurements, opening equipment, firmware work and protection-setting changes are licensed-worker tasks. Any shutdown or restart must follow the procedure for the exact model and site; do not use this library as a switching sequence.

- ID01, GridOVP: The grid (mains) voltage measured by the inverter is too high, above the safe range the inverter is set to operate within. Fix: Occasional events can clear when the grid normalises. Record when the event occurs and whether it affects the whole site. Frequent events require a licensed worker to assess the supply and AC circuit; protection settings must not be changed without the applicable approval. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID02, GridUVP: The grid (mains) voltage measured by the inverter is too low. Fix: Occasional events can clear when the grid recovers. Record the event and whether the site has mains supply. If it persists, have a licensed worker assess the supply and AC circuit. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID03, GridOFP: The grid (mains) frequency measured by the inverter is too high. Fix: Occasional events can clear when the grid normalises. If frequent, record the timing and contact the installer or Sofar support; electrical measurements are for a licensed worker. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID04, GridUFP: The grid (mains) frequency measured by the inverter is too low. Fix: Occasional events can clear when the grid normalises. If frequent, record the timing and contact the installer or Sofar support; electrical checks are for a licensed worker. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID05, BatOVP: The inverter is measuring too high a voltage from the battery (battery overvoltage). Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Battery settings, DC measurements and battery-system testing are licensed-worker tasks. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID09, HW_LLCBus_OVP: LLC bus voltage is too high and has triggered hardware protection, an internal inverter fault. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Any model-specific shutdown, restart or internal assessment is for an appropriately licensed worker. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID10, HW_Boost_OVP: Boost voltage is too high and has triggered hardware protection, an internal inverter fault. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Any model-specific shutdown, restart or internal assessment is for an appropriately licensed worker. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID11, HwBuckBoostOCP: Buck-Boost current is too high and has triggered hardware protection, an internal inverter fault. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Any model-specific shutdown, restart or internal assessment is for an appropriately licensed worker. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID12, HwBatOCP: The battery current is too high and has triggered hardware protection. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Do not repeatedly restart a system reporting an overcurrent protection event. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID15, HwAcOCP: The grid (AC) current is too high and has triggered hardware protection. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Do not repeatedly restart a system reporting an overcurrent protection event. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID17, HwADFaultIGrid: Internal A/D sampling fault on the grid current channel. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Any shutdown, restart or internal assessment must follow the exact model procedure and be performed by an appropriately licensed worker. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID19, HwADFaultVGrid: Internal A/D sampling fault on the grid voltage channel. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Any shutdown, restart or internal assessment must follow the exact model procedure and be performed by an appropriately licensed worker. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID27, BatOCP: The inverter is measuring too much current from the batteries (battery overcurrent). Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. DC/battery testing and any model-specific restart are licensed-worker tasks. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID29, SwOCPInstan: Software-detected instantaneous AC overcurrent. The grid current is too high. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Do not repeatedly restart a system reporting an overcurrent protection event. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID30, BuckOCP: Buck circuit current is too high. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Input-current checks and any restart are licensed-worker tasks using the exact model procedure. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID31, AcRmsOCP: The AC output current (RMS) is too high. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. The cause must be assessed before the system is returned to service. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID49, ConsistentFault_VGrid: Grid-voltage consistency fault. The two independent voltage measurements disagree. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Any shutdown, restart or internal assessment must follow the exact model procedure and be performed by an appropriately licensed worker. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID50, ConsistentFault_FGrid: Grid-frequency consistency fault. The two independent frequency measurements disagree. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Any shutdown, restart or internal assessment must follow the exact model procedure and be performed by an appropriately licensed worker. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID53, SpiCommLose: SPI internal communication lost between control boards. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Do not open the inverter or attempt internal communication-board work. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID54, SciCommLose: SCI communication fault between the control and communication boards. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Do not open the inverter or attempt internal communication-board work. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID57, OverTempFault_BAT: Battery temperature is too high. Fix: Keep the equipment area clear and check only for safely visible blocked ventilation or abnormal heat. Do not change charge settings; contact the installer or Sofar support if the warning persists. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID58, OverTempFault_HeatSink: The inverter heatsink temperature is too high (inverter overheating). Fix: Keep the equipment area clear and check only for safely visible blocked airflow. Do not change current settings; contact the installer or Sofar support if the warning persists. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID59, OverTempFault_Env: The ambient/environmental temperature around the inverter is too high. Fix: Keep the equipment area clear and check only for safely visible blocked airflow or an abnormal heat source. Do not change current settings; contact the installer or Sofar support if the warning persists. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID66, unrecoverBusOVP: Bus voltage is too high and has caused an unrecoverable fault. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Any model-specific shutdown, restart or internal assessment is for an appropriately licensed worker. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID67, BitEPSunrecover: Unrecoverable battery overcurrent fault while operating in EPS (backup) mode. Fix: Contact Sofar technical support. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID75, unrecoverEEPROM_W: Unrecoverable EEPROM write fault, internal memory error. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Any model-specific restart or internal work is for an appropriately licensed worker. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID76, unrecoverEEPROM_R: Unrecoverable EEPROM read fault, internal memory error. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Any model-specific restart or internal work is for an appropriately licensed worker. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID81, Over temperature: The ambient temperature around the inverter is too hot. Fix: Ensure adequate ventilation and airflow; contact support if it persists. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID82, Over frequency: The grid (mains) frequency measured by the inverter is too high. Fix: No manual action needed. The inverter will reconnect when grid frequency returns to range; monitor the grid. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID83, Long dist Load Shedding: The inverter has received a remote command to decrease its power output. Fix: No action required. This is a remote/grid-operator command; normal operation resumes when the command clears. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID84, Long dist Off: The inverter has received a remote command to turn off. Fix: No action required. Operation resumes when the remote command is lifted. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID85, SOC is greater or equal to DOD or Battery voltage is low: The inverter has stopped discharging because the user-set depth-of-discharge (DOD) limit has been reached or the battery voltage is too low. Fix: This can be normal protective behaviour. Allow the battery to recharge and check the configured operating mode in the app. Installer-only settings should be reviewed by the responsible installer. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID86, Bat Voltage Low Shut: The inverter has shut down to protect the batteries because the battery voltage is too low. Fix: Allow the batteries to recharge; check the battery/charging system if it recurs. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID94, Software Version Is Not Consistent: The firmware/software versions on the inverter's boards are not consistent and require updating. Fix: Record the code and current version details, then contact the installer or Sofar for the correct model-specific update process. Do not load unverified firmware. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID95, CommEEPROMFault: The communication board EEPROM is faulty. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Do not open the inverter or attempt communication-board work. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID96, RTCFault: Real-time clock (RTC) fault on the inverter. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Any model-specific restart or internal assessment is for an appropriately licensed worker. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID97, InValidCountry: The inverter's country code / grid-protection settings are invalid or need to be reset. Fix: Have the country/grid code reset to the correct value; contact Sofar or your installer. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID98, SDfault: SD card fault. The card needs replacement. Fix: Arrange replacement of the SD card; contact Sofar/installer. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID100, BatOCD: Battery overcurrent fault during discharge. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Do not repeatedly restart equipment reporting a battery overcurrent event. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID101, BatSCD: Battery overcurrent fault during charging. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Do not repeatedly restart equipment reporting a battery overcurrent event. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID102, BatOV: Battery overvoltage fault. Fix: Record the code and contact the installer or Sofar support. Battery settings and any model-specific restart are licensed-worker tasks. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID103, BatUV: Battery undervoltage fault. Fix: Allow the battery to recharge; check the battery/charging system; contact support if it persists. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID104, BatOTD: Battery high-temperature protection while discharging. Fix: Keep the equipment area clear and check only for safely visible blocked ventilation or abnormal heat. Do not change current settings; contact the installer or Sofar support if the warning persists. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID105, BatOTC: Battery high-temperature protection while charging. Fix: Keep the equipment area clear and check only for safely visible blocked ventilation or abnormal heat. Do not change current settings; contact the installer or Sofar support if the warning persists. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID106, BatUTD: Battery low-temperature protection while discharging. Fix: Allow the equipment environment to return to its documented operating range without applying direct heat. Contact the installer or Sofar support if the warning persists. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.
- ID107, BatUTC: Battery low-temperature protection while charging. Fix: Allow the equipment environment to return to its documented operating range without applying direct heat. Contact the installer or Sofar support if the warning persists. Applicability: confirmed; ME3000SP; documented exact models ME3000SP; AC-coupled inverter; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual SOFAR ME3000SP user manual, troubleshooting and Event List. Legacy ME3000SP Event List only. Do not transfer the remedy to HYD or string-inverter families; Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed.

---

## Hoymiles (HM / MI / HMS / HMT-series microinverters and the DTU monitoring gateway): fault codes
Source: https://wattbench.ai/hoymiles-microinverter-error-codes

Hoymiles alarm codes vary by microinverter family and firmware. Codes 121 and 124–149 now resolve to official current HMS/HMT troubleshooting tables; code 124 was upgraded from community-only after recovery in the current HMS manual. Codes 11–73 and 9000 remain search aids from the community-maintained OpenDTU decoder because no matching official instruction was found; they stay explicitly remedy-blank. The cited manuals are global family references and do not establish the installed Australian variant or firmware. Confirm the exact model in S-Miles before acting. Safety note: owners should record the code and app status. AC/DC disconnection, measurements, wiring, connectors and protection settings are qualified-installer tasks.

- 11, Grid voltage surge: Community decoder: a sudden grid-voltage surge was reported. This label was not found in the reviewed manufacturer manuals. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 12, Grid voltage sharp drop: Community decoder: a sudden grid-voltage drop was reported. This label was not found in the reviewed manufacturer manuals. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 13, Grid frequency mutation: Community decoder: an abrupt grid-frequency change was reported. This label was not found in the reviewed manufacturer manuals. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 14, Grid phase mutation: Community decoder: an abrupt grid-phase change was reported. This label was not found in the reviewed manufacturer manuals. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 36, INV overvoltage or overcurrent: Community decoder: protection operated in the inverter stage. This label was not found in the reviewed manufacturer manuals. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 46, FB overvoltage: Community decoder: overvoltage in the flyback stage. This label was not found in the reviewed manufacturer manuals. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 47, FB overcurrent: Community decoder: overcurrent in the flyback stage. This label was not found in the reviewed manufacturer manuals. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 48, FB clamp overvoltage: Community decoder: flyback-clamp overvoltage. This label was not found in the reviewed manufacturer manuals. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 49, FB clamp overvoltage: Community decoder: a second flyback-clamp overvoltage event. This label was not found in the reviewed manufacturer manuals. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 71, Grid overvoltage load reduction (VW) enabled: Community decoder: Volt–Watt load reduction is active. This label was not found in the reviewed manufacturer manuals. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 72, Grid overfrequency load reduction (FW) enabled: Community decoder: Frequency–Watt load reduction is active. This label was not found in the reviewed manufacturer manuals. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 73, Over-temperature load reduction (TW) enabled: Community decoder: temperature-based load reduction is active. This label was not found in the reviewed manufacturer manuals. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.
- 121, Over temperature protection: The microinverter has shut down on over-temperature protection because internal/ambient temperature exceeded safe limits. Fix: Check ventilation and ambient temperature at the install position; if poor, improve heat dissipation/airflow. If conditions are within spec, contact your dealer or Hoymiles technical support. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded. | confirmed; HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA; documented exact models HMT-1600-4T, HMT-1800-4T, HMT-2000-4T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA user manual. Global HMT LA family only. Code 124, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed by this source; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 124, Shut down by remote control: Current HMS family: the microinverter reports a remote shutdown command. The official handling path checks zero-export management and whether the unit was manually shut down. Fix: Check zero-export management and whether the microinverter was manually shut down. If the alarm persists, contact the dealer or Hoymiles technical support. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 125, Grid configuration parameter error: The grid profile / grid configuration parameters loaded on the microinverter are incorrect or invalid. Fix: Verify the grid configuration parameter is correct and re-send/upgrade it. If the fault continues, contact your dealer or Hoymiles technical support. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded. | confirmed; HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA; documented exact models HMT-1600-4T, HMT-1800-4T, HMT-2000-4T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA user manual. Global HMT LA family only. Code 124, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed by this source; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 126, Software error code 126: Internal software/firmware error reported by the microinverter. Often transient. Fix: If it occurs occasionally and the unit still works normally, no action is needed. If it recurs frequently and cannot recover, contact your dealer or Hoymiles technical support. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded. | confirmed; HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA; documented exact models HMT-1600-4T, HMT-1800-4T, HMT-2000-4T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA user manual. Global HMT LA family only. Code 124, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed by this source; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 127, Firmware error: A firmware error was detected on the microinverter, typically related to a firmware version or failed upgrade. Fix: Confirm the correct firmware version and re-run the upgrade; verify DTU-to-monitoring-system and DTU-to-microinverter communication. Contact your dealer if unresolved. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded. | confirmed; HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA; documented exact models HMT-1600-4T, HMT-1800-4T, HMT-2000-4T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA user manual. Global HMT LA family only. Code 124, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed by this source; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 128, Software error code 128: Internal software/firmware error reported by the microinverter. Often transient. Fix: If occasional and the unit still works, no action needed. If recurring, contact your dealer or Hoymiles technical support. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded. | confirmed; HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA; documented exact models HMT-1600-4T, HMT-1800-4T, HMT-2000-4T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA user manual. Global HMT LA family only. Code 124, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed by this source; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 129, Software error code 129: The manufacturer troubleshooting table identifies an internal software error. Fix: If occasional and the unit still works normally, no action is required. If it recurs frequently and cannot recover, contact your dealer or Hoymiles technical support. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded. | confirmed; HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA; documented exact models HMT-1600-4T, HMT-1800-4T, HMT-2000-4T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA user manual. Global HMT LA family only. Code 124, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed by this source; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 130, Offline: The microinverter is offline. The DTU cannot communicate with it / it is not reporting to the monitoring system. Fix: Check communication between the DTU and the Hoymiles monitoring system (and between DTU and microinverter); improve signal/connection if poor. Contact your dealer if it persists. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded. | confirmed; HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA; documented exact models HMT-1600-4T, HMT-1800-4T, HMT-2000-4T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA user manual. Global HMT LA family only. Code 124, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed by this source; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 141, Grid overvoltage: AC grid voltage exceeded the upper protection limit, so the microinverter stopped feeding in. Fix: If accidental, the grid voltage was likely temporarily abnormal and the unit recovers automatically once voltage normalises. If frequent, monitor the grid voltage range and contact the local power operator. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded. | confirmed; HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA; documented exact models HMT-1600-4T, HMT-1800-4T, HMT-2000-4T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA user manual. Global HMT LA family only. Code 124, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed by this source; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 142, 10 min value grid overvoltage: The 10-minute average grid voltage exceeded the allowed limit (sustained overvoltage protection). Fix: Usually recovers automatically once the averaged grid voltage returns within range; if persistent, contact the local power operator. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded. | confirmed; HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA; documented exact models HMT-1600-4T, HMT-1800-4T, HMT-2000-4T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA user manual. Global HMT LA family only. Code 124, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed by this source; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 143, Grid undervoltage: AC grid voltage fell below the lower protection limit. Fix: Check that grid voltage is within the acceptable range; recovers automatically once normal. If it persists, contact the local power operator. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded. | confirmed; HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA; documented exact models HMT-1600-4T, HMT-1800-4T, HMT-2000-4T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA user manual. Global HMT LA family only. Code 124, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed by this source; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 144, Grid overfrequency: AC grid frequency exceeded the upper protection limit. Fix: If accidental, the frequency was temporarily abnormal and the unit recovers automatically once it normalises. If frequent, contact the local power operator. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded. | confirmed; HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA; documented exact models HMT-1600-4T, HMT-1800-4T, HMT-2000-4T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA user manual. Global HMT LA family only. Code 124, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed by this source; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 145, Grid underfrequency: AC grid frequency fell below the lower protection limit. Fix: Verify grid frequency is within range; recovers automatically once normal. Contact the local power operator if it occurs frequently. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded. | confirmed; HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA; documented exact models HMT-1600-4T, HMT-1800-4T, HMT-2000-4T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA user manual. Global HMT LA family only. Code 124, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed by this source; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 146, Rapid grid frequency change rate: The rate of change of grid frequency (ROCOF) exceeded the allowed limit. Fix: Verify the frequency change rate is within the acceptable range; contact the power operator if it recurs. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded. | confirmed; HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA; documented exact models HMT-1600-4T, HMT-1800-4T, HMT-2000-4T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA user manual. Global HMT LA family only. Code 124, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed by this source; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 147, Power grid outage: The microinverter detected a grid outage. Fix: Check whether there is a power-grid outage. If supply is present and the code persists, contact the installer or Hoymiles. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded. | confirmed; HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA; documented exact models HMT-1600-4T, HMT-1800-4T, HMT-2000-4T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA user manual. Global HMT LA family only. Code 124, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed by this source; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 148, Grid disconnection: The microinverter detected disconnection from the grid (loss of AC connection). Fix: Check whether there is a grid outage and verify the AC switch and wiring status. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded. | confirmed; HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA; documented exact models HMT-1600-4T, HMT-1800-4T, HMT-2000-4T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA user manual. Global HMT LA family only. Code 124, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed by this source; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 149, Island detected: Anti-islanding protection tripped. The microinverter detected an islanding condition and disconnected for safety. Fix: Check whether there is a power grid outage and verify the AC switch/wiring status; the unit recovers when a stable grid is restored. Applicability: confirmed; HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T; documented exact models HMS-300-1T, HMS-350-1T, HMS-400-1T, HMS-450-1T, HMS-500-1T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMS-300/350/400/450/500-1T single-phase microinverter user manual. Current global HMS 1T family only. Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed; community decoder entries are excluded. | confirmed; HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA; documented exact models HMT-1600-4T, HMT-1800-4T, HMT-2000-4T; Role not confirmed; documentation region International; Australian/regional variant not confirmed; firmware not documented; manual Hoymiles HMT-1600/1800/2000-4T LA user manual. Global HMT LA family only. Code 124, Australian variant and firmware range are not confirmed by this source; community decoder entries are excluded.
- 9000, Microinverter suspected stolen: Community decoder: an anti-theft event was reported. This code was not found in the reviewed manufacturer manuals. Applicability: Brand-level guidance only. Exact model family, product role, Australian or regional variant, firmware range and supporting manual applicability are not confirmed.

---

# Calculators

Transparent, in-browser field calculators. No sign-up is required; signed-in users can deliberately save a result. Estimates for guidance, not a quote or a compliance certificate.

## Solar System Size Calculator
Source: https://wattbench.ai/solar-system-size-calculator

Turn your daily energy use, location-specific sun hours and entered system losses into an indicative array size and panel count.

- Converts your daily energy use, sun hours and system losses into an indicative array size in kilowatts.
- Also estimates panel count from the module power entered.
- Results are estimates that run in your browser, not a quote or engineering specification.

## Solar Payback Calculator
Source: https://wattbench.ai/solar-payback-calculator

Estimate annual savings and payback period from system cost, generation, self-consumption, electricity rate and feed-in tariff.

- Estimates annual savings and how many years a system takes to pay for itself.
- Uses your system cost, generation, self-consumption, electricity rate and feed-in tariff as inputs.
- Also projects 10-year and 25-year net positions to show longer-term value.

## Solar Panel Power Density Calculator
Source: https://wattbench.ai/solar-panel-density-calculator

From rated power and module dimensions, compute power density in W/m², module efficiency and panels needed per kilowatt.

- Computes power density in watts per square metre from a panel's rated power and dimensions.
- Also returns module efficiency and how many panels are needed per kilowatt.
- Useful for comparing how much power different modules pack into the same area.

## Single or Three-Phase Supply Check
Source: https://wattbench.ai/single-or-three-phase-power

Use visible main-switch or meter clues to identify a likely single- or three-phase supply without opening the switchboard.

- Uses a visible main-switch or meter clue to identify the likely existing supply.
- Does not recommend a supply upgrade or infer network connection limits.
- Keeps the check external to the switchboard and directs uncertain users to a licensed electrician.

## Three-Phase Load Balance Worksheet
Source: https://wattbench.ai/three-phase-load-balance-worksheet

Compare entered phase currents, identify the highest and lowest phase, and quantify the spread without asserting a compliance limit.

## Solar Battery Size Calculator
Source: https://wattbench.ai/solar-battery-size-calculator

Size a home battery from your overnight energy use, days of autonomy, depth of discharge and round-trip efficiency.

- Sizes a home battery from your overnight energy use and how many days of autonomy you want.
- Factors in depth of discharge and round-trip efficiency to separate usable from nominal capacity.
- Shows the usable and nominal kilowatt-hours and how much of your nightly load is covered.

## Battery Backup Runtime Calculator
Source: https://wattbench.ai/battery-backup-runtime-calculator

Estimate how long a battery can support a nominated essential load from usable capacity, backup reserve and conversion efficiency.

- Turns usable battery capacity, reserve, conversion efficiency and a continuous essential load into an indicative runtime.
- Checks the nominated load against the backup system's continuous power limit, which is separate from stored energy.
- Does not model start-up surge, changing loads, battery temperature or product-specific backup behaviour. Confirm those against the equipment documentation.

## Battery Charge-Time & Surplus Planner
Source: https://wattbench.ai/battery-charge-time-planner

Estimate energy needed and charge time from usable capacity, starting and target state of charge, surplus power and entered efficiency.

## Essential Load Schedule
Source: https://wattbench.ai/essential-load-schedule

Turn entered continuous loads and daily run-times into a simple backup power and energy schedule.

## Solar STC Certificate Estimate (Australia)
Source: https://wattbench.ai/solar-stc-rebate-calculator

Estimate certificate count and an entered gross value from system size, zone rating, deeming years and certificate price.

- Estimates the number of certificates from the values entered.
- Uses your system size, zone rating, deeming years and the STC price as inputs.
- Returns certificate count and gross value without presenting it as a quote.

## Battery STC & WA Rebate Check
Source: https://wattbench.ai/battery-stc-wa-rebate-check

Estimate battery STCs from the compliance-certification date and capacity, with a conditional WA programme amount for Synergy or Horizon Power areas.

- Uses the legislated federal battery factors and capacity tiers for the expected compliance-certification date.
- Separates the calculated STC count from the eligibility conditions that still need to be verified.
- Shows WA programme amounts as conditional and never invents a live certificate price.

## Solar Cable Voltage Drop Calculator
Source: https://wattbench.ai/solar-cable-voltage-drop-calculator

Work out voltage drop on a DC string or single-phase AC run from the entered length, current, conductor size, voltage and material.

- Works out voltage drop on a DC string or single-phase AC run.
- Uses run length, current, conductor size, voltage and material as inputs.
- Returns the drop in volts and as a percentage without inferring the applicable design limit.

## AC Voltage Rise Worksheet
Source: https://wattbench.ai/ac-voltage-rise-worksheet

Compare two entered voltage readings and document the rise in volts and percentage without applying a compliance verdict.

## Cable Sizing Calculator
Source: https://wattbench.ai/solar-cable-sizing-calculator

Find the minimum conductor size that keeps a DC string or AC run under its voltage-drop limit, then round up to the next standard cable size, with the resulting drop shown.

- Sizes a conductor for voltage drop only: the minimum cross-sectional area that keeps drop under your target limit, then the next standard size up.
- This is not a current-carrying-capacity (CCC) check. You must still confirm the conductor's rating against AS/NZS 3008.1 tables for your install method, grouping and ambient temperature.
- The voltage-drop target is supplied by the user; the tool does not infer which design criterion applies.

## Roof Direction & Pitch Check
Source: https://wattbench.ai/solar-tilt-orientation-calculator

Record a roof's direction and pitch, then read source-backed generation-timing guidance without an invented yield percentage.

- Records the direction and measured or documented pitch of a roof area.
- Explains whether the aspect shifts generation earlier or later in the day.
- Leaves production estimates to location-specific design software rather than presenting unsupported precision.

## Solar String Sizing Calculator
Source: https://wattbench.ai/solar-string-sizing-calculator

Work out how many panels can go in series on a string, within the inverter's MPPT window and under the maximum system voltage, using temperature-corrected module voltages.

- Cold mornings raise a module's open-circuit voltage, so the coldest expected temperature sets the maximum panels you can safely put in series.
- Hot afternoons lower the operating (Vmp) voltage, so the hottest expected temperature sets the minimum string length to stay within the inverter's MPPT window.
- The result is a calculated range of modules per string, an estimate to sanity-check a design, not a substitute for a licensed system designer.

## Module & Inverter Compatibility Worksheet
Source: https://wattbench.ai/module-inverter-compatibility-worksheet

Compare entered string voltage and current against documented inverter input limits at the design conditions you supply.

## DC:AC Ratio (Inverter Load Ratio) Calculator
Source: https://wattbench.ai/solar-dc-ac-ratio-calculator

Calculate the ratio of entered array DC capacity to inverter AC rating, without prescribing an unsupported design band.

- The DC:AC ratio (inverter load ratio) divides the array's DC capacity by the inverter's AC rating.
- A ratio above one means the entered array DC capacity exceeds the inverter AC rating.
- Clipping is possible when available DC power exceeds inverter output, but the correct design requires model- and site-specific checks.

---

# Troubleshooting playbooks

Symptom-led field sequences with a clear safety boundary. They organise evidence and escalation; they do not replace licensed electrical work or required commissioning procedures.

## Inverter Not Producing Power
Source: https://wattbench.ai/troubleshooting/inverter-not-producing-power

A safe, ordered triage for a system showing zero generation, from site conditions and monitoring through to the fault record an installer needs.
Safety: Owners should stop at app, display and accessible switchboard observations. Do not remove covers, open an inverter, test live conductors or access rooftop equipment.

### Confirm the symptom
- Record the time, weather and whether the reading comes from the inverter, retailer meter or monitoring app.
- Check whether the whole system is at zero or only one inverter, string or phase appears affected.
- Capture the exact alert text, code and model before restarting anything.

### Safe observations
- Confirm the monitoring device has connectivity and that its timestamp is current.
- Look for a visible trip or isolation state without operating equipment you are not authorised to operate.
- Check whether a grid outage or planned network interruption is affecting the site.

### Installer handover
- Provide the model, serial number, exact code, first occurrence and any recent site work.
- Include clear photos of the display and accessible switch positions, without opening equipment.
- Use the matching Wattbench fault library to identify the manufacturer-documented next check.

## Solar System Producing Less Than Expected
Source: https://wattbench.ai/troubleshooting/solar-system-producing-less-than-expected

Separate normal variation from a real performance issue using like-for-like periods, monitoring evidence and a structured site handover.
Safety: Performance review does not require opening equipment or going onto a roof. Electrical testing and rooftop inspection are licensed-person work.

### Compare like with like
- Compare similar weather, season and time windows rather than a single day against an annual promise.
- Check whether consumption, export limiting or battery charging explains the apparent difference.
- Confirm the monitoring portal is receiving complete data rather than estimating missing intervals.

### Build the evidence
- Export or screenshot daily generation for the affected period and a known-good comparison period.
- Note new shade, soiling visible from ground level, network events and any recent electrical work.
- Record whether the loss affects a particular inverter, MPPT, string or phase.

### Escalate clearly
- Send the installer the comparison, site details and exact monitoring symptoms.
- Ask for the design expectation and the measurement method used to assess the shortfall.
- Treat persistent faults, damage, heat, smell or unusual noise as a stop-and-escalate condition.

## Grid Overvoltage and Repeated Inverter Tripping
Source: https://wattbench.ai/troubleshooting/grid-overvoltage-inverter-tripping

Collect the evidence needed to distinguish a network condition, site voltage rise, settings issue or installation problem without guessing at the cause.
Safety: Voltage measurement, inverter settings and switchboard work must be performed by an appropriately licensed person. Do not defeat protection settings to keep a system online.

### Capture the event
- Record the exact code, event time, duration and whether the inverter reconnects automatically.
- Compare the event with site load, solar output and nearby systems where evidence is available.
- Preserve monitoring logs before clearing alarms or changing configuration.

### Licensed checks
- Confirm approved regional settings and document any changes rather than applying an undocumented workaround.
- Assess voltage at appropriate points under relevant operating conditions.
- Review conductor route, size, connections, phase conditions and the network connection approval.

### Network escalation
- Package timestamps, measurements, inverter logs and connection details for the relevant DNSP.
- Separate evidence observed at the point of supply from voltage rise within the installation.
- Retain the case reference and final resolution in the job record.

## Home Battery Not Charging
Source: https://wattbench.ai/troubleshooting/battery-not-charging

Work through operating mode, reserve settings, solar availability, communications and fault evidence before escalating a battery issue.
Safety: Do not open a battery enclosure, disconnect battery cabling or attempt electrical tests. Heat, swelling, odour, smoke or physical damage requires immediate isolation only where safe and emergency escalation.

### Check the operating context
- Confirm the selected operating mode, backup reserve and any scheduled charging window in the app.
- Check whether available solar exceeds household load and whether grid charging is permitted by the configured mode.
- Confirm the app timestamp and battery communications are current.

### Record what the system says
- Capture state of charge, power flow, operating mode and the exact warning or code.
- Note recent firmware, tariff, VPP, installer or network changes.
- Record whether the issue is continuous, scheduled or associated with temperature or backup operation.

### Escalate
- Provide screenshots, timestamps, model details and the observed power flow to the installer.
- Use the applicable manufacturer library where Wattbench has a documented match.
- Do not change installer-only parameters without the responsible installer or manufacturer process.

## Solar Commissioning Handover Checklist
Source: https://wattbench.ai/troubleshooting/solar-commissioning-handover-checklist

A practical record of the information, access and evidence that should leave the site with the customer and installer team.
Safety: This organisational checklist does not replace the commissioning, verification or documentation requirements that apply to the installation.

### System record
- Capture installed make, model, serial numbers, array layout and the approved connection details.
- Store the final design, required certificates, test records and clear equipment photographs.
- Record firmware, region settings, export control and monitoring configuration as commissioned.

### Customer access
- Confirm the customer controls their monitoring account and recovery email.
- Explain normal operation, shutdown information, alerts, backup behaviour and who to contact.
- Provide warranties, manuals, maintenance guidance and the service escalation path.

### Close the job
- Confirm outstanding network, retailer, certificate or incentive steps and their owner.
- Record any agreed follow-up and the date the system was handed over.
- Keep the complete job record accessible for later service work.

## Solar Monitoring Offline or Not Updating
Source: https://wattbench.ai/troubleshooting/solar-monitoring-offline

Separate a monitoring or communications outage from a generation fault and package the evidence needed for support.
Safety: Stay with app, router and accessible display observations. Do not open communications gateways, inverters or switchboards.

### Confirm the data gap
- Check the last successful timestamp and whether the inverter display still shows production.
- Compare the app with the retailer meter only as separate evidence; they measure different things.
- Record whether one device or the whole site is missing.

### Check ordinary connectivity
- Confirm the site internet is working and note any router, password or network change.
- Use only the manufacturer-documented owner reconnection process.
- Do not factory-reset equipment or change installer settings.

### Escalate with evidence
- Provide timestamps, screenshots, model and gateway status to the installer or manufacturer.
- State clearly whether generation appears normal while monitoring is stale.
- Save the resolution in the job record.

## Inverter Intermittently Restarting
Source: https://wattbench.ai/troubleshooting/inverter-intermittent-restarts

Build a timestamped pattern for repeated restarts without masking protection events or guessing at the cause.
Safety: Do not repeatedly power-cycle equipment, defeat protection or open electrical enclosures. Heat, odour, arcing or damage requires urgent escalation.

### Capture the pattern
- Record exact restart times, weather, site load and solar output.
- Capture every visible warning, code and firmware version.
- Note whether the restart affects one unit or the whole site.

### Preserve context
- Export monitoring events before they roll off.
- Note recent firmware, network, battery, generator or electrical changes.
- Avoid undocumented resets that erase useful evidence.

### Licensed review
- Provide the event pack to the responsible installer.
- Have protection, supply, temperature and connections assessed under the applicable process.
- Record the confirmed cause rather than a presumed one.

## Solar Insulation or Earth-Leakage Alarm
Source: https://wattbench.ai/troubleshooting/solar-insulation-earth-leakage-alarm

Treat insulation and leakage warnings as safety events, record the conditions and hand over a useful evidence pack.
Safety: Do not touch PV connectors, rooftop equipment, DC cabling or exposed metalwork associated with a suspected insulation fault.

### Stop at observation
- Record the exact code and whether it appeared during rain, dew or other damp conditions.
- Photograph only safely accessible displays and visible damage from a safe position.
- Keep people away from damaged or suspect equipment.

### Build the evidence
- Record model, array details, first occurrence and recurrence pattern.
- Preserve monitoring logs and any manufacturer notification.
- Do not clear a persistent alarm simply to restore production.

### Licensed assessment
- Escalate to an SAA-accredited solar installer or licensed electrician.
- Testing, isolation and fault location belong to the licensed assessment.
- Return to service only through the responsible technical process.

## Home Battery Not Discharging
Source: https://wattbench.ai/troubleshooting/battery-not-discharging

Check reserve, schedules, operating mode, site demand and communications before escalating a battery that remains idle.
Safety: Do not open the battery, change installer-only parameters or disconnect battery cabling. Escalate heat, swelling, odour, smoke or damage immediately.

### Check the intended behaviour
- Record state of charge, reserve, operating mode and any discharge schedule.
- Confirm there is site demand above available solar when discharge is expected.
- Check whether a VPP, tariff or backup reserve is controlling the battery.

### Confirm current data
- Check app timestamps and battery communications.
- Capture power flow and the exact alert or status.
- Note recent firmware, tariff or installer changes.

### Escalate
- Send screenshots, timestamps and model details to the installer.
- Ask for the configured control hierarchy to be confirmed.
- Do not bypass reserve or protection settings to force discharge.

## Battery Backup Did Not Operate
Source: https://wattbench.ai/troubleshooting/battery-backup-failed

Record the outage, essential-load behaviour and battery state needed to assess a backup event.
Safety: Do not energise circuits by improvised means, open backup equipment or alter switchboard wiring. Treat damaged, hot or abnormal battery equipment as urgent.

### Reconstruct the event
- Record outage start, duration and whether the grid actually failed at the site.
- List which essential circuits stayed on, dropped out or cycled.
- Capture battery state of charge, reserve and alerts immediately after the event.

### Check expectations
- Compare the observed loads with the documented backup circuits and power limits.
- Note high-starting-current equipment that attempted to run.
- Confirm whether backup was enabled and commissioned, without changing installer settings.

### Hand over
- Provide the timeline, load list, screenshots and model details to the installer.
- Ask for transfer operation, configured limits and commissioning records to be checked.
- Keep the incident with the saved job and field report.

## Solar Circuit Repeatedly Tripping
Source: https://wattbench.ai/troubleshooting/solar-circuit-nuisance-tripping

Capture when a protective device operates and escalate without repeatedly resetting a potentially unsafe circuit.
Safety: Repeated operation of a breaker or RCD is a protection event. Do not hold it on, bypass it or repeatedly reset it.

### Record the trip
- Identify the labelled device without removing a cover.
- Record time, weather, system state and what else was operating.
- Capture any inverter or battery alert associated with the event.

### Do not mask the fault
- Leave a device off if it will not remain set or trips again.
- Do not swap devices, disconnect conductors or bypass protection.
- Escalate immediately if there is heat, smell, sound or visible damage.

### Licensed diagnosis
- Provide the event pattern and equipment details to a licensed electrician.
- Have the circuit, equipment and protection assessed under the applicable test process.
- Record the confirmed fault and rectification.

## Export Control or Meter Commissioning Check
Source: https://wattbench.ai/troubleshooting/export-control-meter-commissioning

A field record for systems that export unexpectedly, remain capped or show implausible power-flow direction.
Safety: Metering CTs, switchboards, export-control wiring and installer settings are licensed-worker tasks. Do not change limits without the approved connection details.

### Confirm the approved intent
- Record the approved export limit, phase arrangement and controlled equipment.
- Capture inverter, meter and controller make, model, firmware and settings as found.
- Preserve the connection approval and commissioning record.

### Check the evidence
- Compare inverter flow, site meter flow and retailer data as separate measurement sources.
- Record import, export, load and generation under clear operating conditions.
- Check timestamps and identify any sign or direction mismatch.

### Close the commissioning record
- Have CT orientation, phase mapping, communications and approved settings verified.
- Record every change and the before-and-after evidence.
- Retain the final test record and customer handover.

## Post-Storm Solar System Check
Source: https://wattbench.ai/troubleshooting/post-storm-solar-inspection

A safe ground-level check after hail, wind, lightning, flooding or debris impact, with clear stop conditions.
Safety: Do not climb onto the roof, touch wet or damaged electrical equipment, approach fallen conductors or operate flooded equipment.

### Make the area safe
- Keep clear of fallen conductors, damaged modules, loose metalwork and flooded equipment.
- Contact emergency or network services where public electrical hazards are present.
- Do not rely on a dark display as proof that DC equipment is de-energised.

### Observe from a safe position
- Record visible debris, broken glass, movement, water ingress and equipment alerts.
- Capture the time, storm type and any outage or surge evidence.
- Do not clean, move or reconnect damaged components.

### Arrange assessment
- Provide photographs and system details to an SAA-accredited solar installer.
- Ask for the required electrical and structural inspection scope to be confirmed.
- Keep the inspection findings and rectification evidence with the job.

---

# Standards reference

Source: https://wattbench.ai/standards
Scope only. We do not reproduce the copyrighted standard text or tables. Standards are revised periodically; always work to the current published edition and have a licensed professional confirm compliance.

## Installation & safety
- AS/NZS 5033 (Standards Australia / NZ): Installation and safety requirements for photovoltaic (PV) arrays: DC-side layout, isolation, maximum array voltage, earthing and signage. Applies to: The DC side of every grid-connected and off-grid PV array.
- AS/NZS 4777.1 (Standards Australia / NZ): Installation requirements for grid-connected energy systems via inverters. Applies to: How inverter-connected grid systems are installed.
- AS/NZS 3000 (Standards Australia / NZ): The Wiring Rules: the overarching standard for the safety of electrical installations. Applies to: All electrical work, including the AC side of solar.

## Grid connection & inverters
- AS/NZS 4777.2 (Standards Australia / NZ): Inverter requirements for grid connection: anti-islanding, power quality, and voltage/frequency response, including the regional settings inverters ship with. Applies to: Grid-connected solar and battery inverters.
- IEC 62109 (Parts 1 & 2) (IEC): Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems: electrical safety of the inverter as a product. Applies to: Inverter product-level electrical safety.

## Cabling & protection
- AS/NZS 3008.1 (Standards Australia / NZ): Selection of cables: current-carrying capacity (ampacity) and voltage-drop sizing for conductors. Applies to: Sizing DC string and AC cabling.

## Batteries
- AS/NZS 5139 (Standards Australia / NZ): Safety of battery systems used with power conversion equipment: installation, location, and protection of battery energy storage. Applies to: Home and commercial battery storage installs.

## Product qualification (modules)
- IEC 61215 (IEC): Design qualification and type approval for crystalline-silicon terrestrial PV modules: performance and durability testing. Applies to: PV module performance certification.
- IEC 61730 (Parts 1 & 2) (IEC): Photovoltaic module safety qualification: construction requirements and safety testing. Applies to: PV module safety certification.

## Commissioning & off-grid
- IEC 62446-1 (IEC): Requirements for testing, documentation and maintenance of grid-connected PV systems: commissioning tests and handover documentation. Applies to: Commissioning and handover of grid-connected systems.
- AS/NZS 4509 (Standards Australia / NZ): Stand-alone power systems: design and installation of off-grid systems. Applies to: Off-grid (stand-alone) power systems.

---

# Network connection authorities

Source: https://wattbench.ai/network-authorities
Official distributor links for connection applications and live technical requirements. Confirm the site's distributor from the bill, NMI record or connection approval. Wattbench does not reproduce export limits or approved settings; the site-specific connection approval overrides general web guidance. Embedded networks, remote grids and private networks may use another authority.
Content reviewed: 2026-08-08
Source links checked: 2026-08-08

- ACT, Evoenergy: https://www.evoenergy.com.au/Connections/Solar-and-batteries/Distributed-Energy-Resource-Portal (source ID: network-evoenergy-connections)
- NSW, Ausgrid: https://www.ausgrid.com.au/connections/connection-application-help/solar-support/connecting-solar-or-small-generation (source ID: network-ausgrid-connections)
- NSW, Endeavour Energy: https://www.endeavourenergy.com.au/Working-with-us/Providers/Solar-installers (source ID: network-endeavour-energy-connections)
- NSW, Essential Energy: https://www.essentialenergy.com.au/at-home/micro-embedded-generation (source ID: network-essential-energy-connections)
- NT, Power and Water Corporation: https://www.powerwater.com.au/developers/power/power-connections/basic-connections (source ID: network-power-and-water-connections)
- QLD, Energex: https://www.energex.com.au/our-services/connections/residential-and-commercial-connections/solar-connections-and-other-technologies/how-to-connect-homeowners-and-small-businesses (source ID: network-energex-connections)
- QLD, Ergon Energy Network: https://www.ergon.com.au/network/our-services/connections/residential-and-commercial-connections/solar-connections-and-other-technologies/how-to-connect-homeowners-and-small-businesses (source ID: network-ergon-energy-network-connections)
- SA, SA Power Networks: https://www.sapowernetworks.com.au/connections/connect-solar-and-ev-chargers/ (source ID: network-sa-power-networks-connections)
- TAS, TasNetworks: https://www.tasnetworks.com.au/embedded-generation (source ID: network-tasnetworks-connections)
- VIC, AusNet Services: https://www.ausnetservices.com.au/renewables/industry-solar/make-and-manage-a-solar-application (source ID: network-ausnet-services-connections)
- VIC, CitiPower: https://www.citipower.com.au/for-your-workplace/connections/ (source ID: network-citipower-connections)
- VIC, Jemena: https://www.jemena.com.au/electricity/solar-connections/ (source ID: network-jemena-connections)
- VIC, Powercor: https://www.powercor.com.au/for-your-workplace/connections/ (source ID: network-powercor-connections)
- VIC, United Energy: https://www.unitedenergy.com.au/help-support/online-connection-application-service-supporting-documents (source ID: network-united-energy-connections)
- WA, Western Power: https://www.westernpower.com.au/products-services/install-something-new/connect-my-solar-battery-or-electric-vehicle/inverter-system-up-to-30kva/ (source ID: network-western-power-connections)
- WA, Horizon Power: https://www.horizonpower.com.au/contractors-installers/connect-solar-battery-ev/ (source ID: network-horizon-power-connections)

---

# Glossary

Source: https://wattbench.ai/glossary

## Panels

### Standard Test Conditions (STC)
The reference conditions used for PV module nameplate ratings: 1000 W/m² irradiance, 25 °C cell temperature and an AM1.5 solar spectrum. STC supports comparison on a common basis; it is not a forecast of output on a particular roof.
Evidence IDs: nrel-pv-dc-systems, iec-61215-1
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### NOCT / NMOT (Nominal Operating Cell Temperature)
A manufacturer-declared operating-temperature result measured under stated irradiance, ambient temperature, wind and mounting conditions. It is useful for comparison, but the printed test method and conditions must be read from the exact datasheet rather than treated as a site forecast.
Evidence IDs: nrel-pv-dc-systems, iec-61215-1
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Temperature coefficient of Pmax
How much a panel's maximum power changes per degree Celsius of cell temperature relative to the datasheet reference, expressed in %/°C. Power normally falls as cells heat up. Use the exact model's published coefficient rather than a generic value for its cell technology.
Evidence IDs: nrel-pv-dc-systems, iec-61215-1
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Temperature coefficient of Voc
How much a panel's open-circuit voltage changes per degree Celsius relative to 25 °C, in %/°C. Voltage rises as cells get colder, so on a frosty morning Voc can climb above its rated value. Installers use this to ensure a cold-weather string never exceeds the inverter's maximum input voltage.
Evidence IDs: nrel-pv-dc-systems, as-nzs-5033
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Light-Induced Degradation (LID)
A change in crystalline-silicon module performance associated with initial light exposure. The mechanism and magnitude depend on the cell materials and processing, so use product-specific qualification and warranty evidence rather than assigning a technology-wide loss.
Evidence IDs: iea-pvps-degradation, doe-crystalline-pv, iec-61215-2
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Potential-Induced Degradation (PID)
A module-degradation mechanism associated with electrical potential between the cell circuit and other module or system parts. Susceptibility depends on module construction, system configuration and environmental conditions; use exact qualification and diagnostic evidence rather than assuming PID from low output alone.
Evidence IDs: iea-pvps-degradation, nrel-bifacial-modules, iec-61215-2
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Bifaciality factor
For a bifacial module, a declared ratio comparing rear-side and front-side response under the stated test basis. It is not a site-yield forecast: rear irradiance, mounting, albedo, shading and mismatch determine the installed rear-side contribution.
Evidence IDs: iea-pvps-bifacial, nrel-bifacial-modules
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Module efficiency
The share of incident solar power a whole module converts to electrical power under its stated rating conditions. Higher efficiency means more rated watts can fit into the same module area; compare exact models on the same test basis.
Evidence IDs: nrel-pv-dc-systems
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Power tolerance
How far an individual panel's actual power may vary from its nameplate rating. A positive-only tolerance (e.g. 0/+5 W) guarantees you never get less than the label; a ± tolerance means some panels ship under-rated.
Evidence IDs: nrel-pv-dc-systems
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### PERC
Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell: a crystalline-silicon cell architecture with rear-surface passivation intended to reduce recombination and improve light capture. The acronym does not establish a finished module's efficiency, degradation or warranty.
Evidence IDs: doe-crystalline-pv
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### TOPCon
Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact: a silicon-cell contact architecture using an ultra-thin oxide and doped silicon layer to reduce recombination at the contact. It does not by itself establish a module's efficiency, temperature behaviour, degradation or warranty.
Evidence IDs: fraunhofer-topcon, nrel-bifacial-modules
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### HJT (Heterojunction)
Heterojunction Technology: a cell architecture combining crystalline silicon with thin amorphous-silicon layers for surface passivation. Compare finished modules using their exact datasheets and warranties rather than carrying generic HJT performance figures into a design.
Evidence IDs: doe-crystalline-pv, nrel-bifacial-modules
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Busbars
The thin conductive lines on a cell's surface that collect the current the fine gridlines gather and carry it to the cell interconnects. More, thinner busbars (multi-busbar / MBB designs) shorten the path current travels, reducing resistive losses and shading.
Evidence IDs: pveducation-metal-grid, doe-crystalline-pv
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

## Inverters

### Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
A control technique in inverters and charge controllers that continuously adjusts the array's operating voltage and current to keep it at the point that yields the most power as irradiance, temperature, and shading change. Multiple independent MPPT inputs let different roof faces or string lengths be optimised separately.
Evidence IDs: doe-inverter-basics, nrel-pv-dc-systems
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### String inverter
An inverter that converts the combined DC output of one or more series-connected PV strings into AC. Panels on a shared input operate within the inverter's MPPT arrangement, so string layout, mismatch and shading must be assessed for the exact design.
Evidence IDs: aus-solar-glossary, doe-inverter-basics
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Microinverter
An inverter installed at an individual PV module that converts that module's DC output to AC. This provides module-level conversion; monitoring, shutdown, backup and fault behaviour depend on the complete product and system design.
Evidence IDs: aus-solar-glossary, doe-inverter-basics
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Power optimiser
A module-level DC-DC power-electronics device used to condition a panel's output before a central inverter. Its operating, monitoring and compatibility requirements depend on the exact optimiser, module and inverter combination.
Evidence IDs: aus-solar-glossary, doe-inverter-basics
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Hybrid inverter
An inverter that combines solar-inverter and battery-inverter or charger functions. Backup capability is product- and design-specific, so the hybrid label alone does not establish what loads can operate during a grid outage.
Evidence IDs: aus-solar-glossary, aus-solar-batteries
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Inverter clipping
When available array power is above the inverter's conversion or output limit, the inverter caps output and the excess is not delivered. The expected frequency and energy impact depend on the DC-to-AC ratio, site conditions and exact inverter behaviour.
Evidence IDs: nrel-ac-dc-translation, doe-inverter-basics
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### DC-to-AC ratio (inverter loading ratio)
The ratio of an array's rated DC power to the inverter's rated AC output. A higher ratio can increase inverter utilisation and clipping; the suitable value depends on the exact equipment limits, site conditions and design requirements.
Evidence IDs: nrel-ac-dc-translation, aus-solar-size
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### CEC / weighted inverter efficiency
An inverter-efficiency metric calculated from performance at several load points using a defined weighting, rather than the single best conversion point. Compare values only when they use the same published method and test boundary.
Evidence IDs: sandia-cec-inverter-protocol
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

## Batteries

### Depth of Discharge (DoD)
The percentage of a battery's total capacity that is drawn down from full. The maximum recommended DoD sets how much of the rated capacity is actually usable: e.g. a 10 kWh battery rated to 90% DoD gives 9 kWh. Shallower discharges generally extend cycle life.
Evidence IDs: nrel-battery-lifetime, aus-solar-batteries
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Usable capacity
The energy a battery actually delivers in normal use, in kWh: its total (nominal) capacity multiplied by the allowed depth of discharge. This, not the nameplate capacity, is the number that matters for sizing how much of your home it can run.
Evidence IDs: aus-solar-batteries
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Round-trip efficiency
The share of energy put into a battery system that can be delivered again after charging and discharging losses, expressed as a percentage. Compare exact products on the same test boundary because some figures include power-conversion losses and others do not.
Evidence IDs: aus-solar-batteries
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### LiFePO4 (LFP)
Lithium iron phosphate: a lithium-ion cathode chemistry widely used in stationary storage. Chemistry changes cell-level thermal and energy-density trade-offs, but it does not by itself establish a finished battery system's safety, service life or suitability.
Evidence IDs: battery-chemistry-study, aus-solar-batteries
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Cycle life
The number of charge-discharge cycles completed before capacity reaches a stated test threshold. It depends on the test method, chemistry, depth of discharge, temperature and operating limits; compare the warranty's years, throughput and retained-capacity terms as well as any cycle figure.
Evidence IDs: nrel-battery-lifetime, aus-solar-batteries
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### C-rate
A measure of how fast a battery charges or discharges relative to its capacity: 1C means full capacity delivered in one hour, 0.5C in two hours. It links a battery's energy (kWh) to its continuous power (kW) capability.
Evidence IDs: nrel-battery-lifetime
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### State of Charge (SoC)
An estimate of the charge currently available in a battery, usually expressed as a percentage under the battery-management system's defined operating window. The displayed value and usable reserve depend on the product's controls and settings.
Evidence IDs: nrel-battery-lifetime, aus-solar-batteries
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

## Electrical

### Open-circuit voltage (Voc)
The voltage measured across a PV module or string with its circuit open under the stated conditions. Because voltage changes with cell temperature, string design applies the exact Voc coefficient and site design temperature against every applicable equipment and system limit.
Evidence IDs: nrel-pv-dc-systems, as-nzs-5033
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Short-circuit current (Isc)
The current measured when a PV device's output terminals are short-circuited under stated conditions. Design current checks apply the exact module value and the factors required for irradiance, bifacial contribution and the applicable rules.
Evidence IDs: nrel-pv-dc-systems, as-nzs-5033
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Maximum power point (Vmp / Imp)
The voltage (Vmp) and current (Imp) at which a panel delivers its greatest power under given conditions; their product is the rated power. MPPT keeps the array operating at this point as conditions shift.
Evidence IDs: nrel-pv-dc-systems
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Maximum system voltage
The highest DC system voltage for which a module is rated under its stated certification. It is one limit in string design; the calculation must also respect the inverter, connected equipment and applicable installation requirements under cold conditions.
Evidence IDs: nrel-pv-dc-systems, as-nzs-5033
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Maximum series fuse rating
The largest overcurrent-protection fuse rating a panel is rated to tolerate, used to protect parallel strings from reverse fault current. It is a key input when an installer designs string combiner and fusing.
Evidence IDs: nrel-pv-dc-systems, as-nzs-5033
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### MC4 connector
A named family of locking DC connectors used in PV wiring. Similar appearance does not establish mating compatibility: follow the exact connector manufacturer, type, tooling and installation requirements recorded for the system.
Evidence IDs: nrel-pv-dc-systems, as-nzs-5033
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Rapid shutdown
A safety function designed to reduce voltage in specified PV conductors when triggered. Requirements and permitted implementations vary by jurisdiction and system, so the term is not a substitute for the applicable rules and equipment instructions.
Evidence IDs: nrel-pv-dc-systems
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

## System & Install

### Tilt and azimuth
Tilt is the angle of a panel from horizontal; azimuth is the compass direction it faces. Together with location, shading and horizon conditions they shape when and how much sunlight the array receives. In Australia, north-facing exposure often favours annual yield when other constraints are equal.
Evidence IDs: aus-solar-design
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### IP rating
Ingress Protection rating: an IEC classification for an enclosure's protection against access, solid objects and water. The two characteristic numerals address different hazards; read the exact rating and test conditions rather than translating it into a general outdoor-suitability claim.
Evidence IDs: iec-60529
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Mechanical load rating
A declared pressure a module has been qualified against under stated test and mounting conditions, commonly reported separately for front and rear loading. Use the exact installation manual, approved mounting zones and site structural design rather than the headline pressure alone.
Evidence IDs: iec-61215-1, iec-61215-2
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Glass-glass (dual-glass) module
A PV module constructed with glass on both front and rear instead of a polymer backsheet. The construction may be used for monofacial or bifacial products; mass, load rating, mounting, electrical data and warranty remain exact-model questions.
Evidence IDs: iea-pvps-bifacial, nrel-bifacial-modules
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### IEC 61215
The international design-qualification and type-approval series for terrestrial PV modules. It specifies qualification requirements and test procedures; passing it is not a performance ranking or proof that a module suits a particular site.
Evidence IDs: iec-61215-1, iec-61215-2
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### IEC 61730
The international PV-module safety-qualification series. Part 1 covers construction requirements and Part 2 covers testing; qualification is not a substitute for current product-list status or a site-specific compliant design.
Evidence IDs: iec-61730-1, iec-61730-2
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

## Performance

### Annual degradation
A stated or measured year-to-year change in module output. Manufacturer warranty curves may separate an initial allowance from later annual allowances; use the exact product document and its conditions rather than a generic technology rate.
Evidence IDs: iea-pvps-degradation, nrel-pv-performance, solar-victoria-warranties
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Performance (power) warranty
A manufacturer's promise about a module's output floor over a stated period and under stated conditions. It is separate from the product warranty, and its exclusions, test method and remedy matter as much as the headline duration.
Evidence IDs: solar-victoria-warranties
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Product (workmanship) warranty
The warranty covering defined defects in the module itself, distinct from the performance warranty. Read the exact coverage, exclusions, claim process and responsibility for labour, freight, removal and reinstallation.
Evidence IDs: solar-victoria-warranties
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Performance ratio (PR)
A normalised PV-system performance metric, commonly calculated as final yield divided by reference yield under a declared method. It reflects multiple system and environmental effects, so the calculation basis must be stated before two results are compared.
Evidence IDs: nrel-pv-performance
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Specific yield
Annual energy produced per unit of installed capacity, in kWh per kWp per year. It normalises output by system size, making it the fair way to compare productivity across systems and locations.
Evidence IDs: nrel-pv-performance
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Capacity factor
The ratio of actual energy output over a period to the energy that would have been produced at the selected rated capacity for every hour in that period. State whether the denominator uses DC or AC capacity when comparing PV results.
Evidence IDs: nrel-ac-dc-translation
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Soiling loss
The output lost when dust, dirt, pollen, bird droppings, or snow accumulate on panel glass and block light. It varies by climate and tilt and is recovered by rain or cleaning; it is one of the loss terms a performance ratio captures.
Evidence IDs: iea-pvps-soiling, nrel-pv-performance
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

## Grid & Market

### Feed-in tariff (FiT)
The rate an electricity retailer or programme pays or credits for eligible solar energy exported to the grid, usually stated in cents per kilowatt-hour. The current rate and conditions come from the live electricity plan.
Evidence IDs: aus-solar-glossary, aus-solar-payback
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Net metering
A metering arrangement that records the balance between electricity imported from and exported to the grid under the applicable billing rules. It is distinct from gross metering, which records all generation as export.
Evidence IDs: aus-solar-glossary
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Frequency Control Ancillary Services (FCAS)
Services procured through Australia's National Electricity Market to help keep power-system frequency within the required operating bands. Different FCAS markets have distinct response and enablement requirements; battery participation depends on registration, control and market arrangements.
Evidence IDs: aemo-fcas-guide
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Virtual power plant (VPP)
A group of batteries and sometimes other customer devices coordinated through software and communications. Eligibility, control rights, reserve behaviour and customer benefit are defined by the live programme and contract.
Evidence IDs: aus-solar-glossary, aus-solar-batteries
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Time-of-use (TOU) tariff
An electricity tariff with different rates for defined time periods such as peak, shoulder and off-peak. Assess solar, battery and load-shifting value against the current plan's actual periods, rates and conditions.
Evidence IDs: aus-solar-glossary, aus-solar-payback
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Self-consumption
Solar electricity used within the property rather than exported to the grid. Its bill value depends on when it offsets imports and on the current retail and feed-in tariff conditions.
Evidence IDs: aus-solar-glossary, aus-solar-payback
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03

### Curtailment
The deliberate reduction of a system's output below the power otherwise available, including inverter control used to meet an export limit. The cause and control authority must be established from the site's settings, connection requirements and event evidence.
Evidence IDs: aus-solar-glossary, aus-solar-payback, western-power-der
Last reviewed: 2026-08-03